Icelandic volcanoes

Icelandic vol put upoesIcelandic volcanoes have been associated with many devastating impacts, not only for the people of Iceland. Volcanic hazards tend to extend beyond Icelandic soil and travel to the opposite side of the globe, and be therefore considered worldwide hazards. This shows us that although the irruption occurred on land, the nature and volume of eruptions at mid-ocean ridges are very widespread. An example, of a volcano causing baneful effects on a large scale was the Laki eruption of Iceland in June of 1783. There were all everyplace gee people that died which accounts for 25% of the population, and about half of the islands cattle and three-fourths of its sheep died. Furthermore, a large number of hectares and plant excessively perished.A great number of people and livestock died from suffocation caused by the pyroclastic flow- the most weighty ingest of volcanoes. The pyroclastic flow is extremely hot and triggers high velocity winds (exceeding wind speeds in hurricanes) deep down the defame and the poisonous substanceous volatile gases which are capable of destroying all life within many miles of the volcano in a matter of minutes**. These gases include sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfur trioxide (SO3) which are poisonous al maven, however unite with water from sulfuric acid (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrofluoric acid (HF) and boric acid (H3BO3) can kill within a matter of minutes once inhaled.People and livestock also died due to the secondary effects. The islands vegetation rapidly perished under a blanket of ash. This vegetation could not receive any sunlight to brandish as the ash which coated it blocked the sunlight. Due to a lack of vegetation widespread shortage traveled across Europe and diseases surfaced due to the lack of nutrition, effecting the livestock and human inhabitants of the island. Furthermore, the shock that coverers the sky subsequently an eruption, results from the sulfur gases reacting with water vapo r, this blocks the suns rays and is therefore detrimental to both life on land and in the ocean. vent Laki efficiently eliminated the 1783 summertime and it was the coldest in 500 years in some locations, according to tree border data. The sun was obscured by the vast cloud caused by the Laki eruption and, what should have been a warm summer in the northern hemisphere, took on winter proportions, not just in Iceland, but all over Europe.** Poems were written that included descriptions of the sun- pale blood red ghost within the volcanic haze. In summons to the laki volcano in Iceland, Benjamin Franklin during a lecture in 1784 made the following comments, when the effect of the suns rays to passion the earth in these northern regions should have been greater, there existed a constant fog all over Europe, and a great part of trades union Americathis haze was also observed over Asia and North Africa. These days the haze would cease aviation over much of Europe if an eruption the c apacity of Laki occurred. The haze does not only decrease visibility, but it also damages aircraft. For example, the most common result is locomotive engine damage that occurs when volcanic ash enters the jet intakes the volcanic ash melts and cools to become glass coating the turbine blades, practically causing the engines to stall.Further secondary effects included contaminated water supplies within Iceland. The water became poison due to its contact with pyroclastic flow and being supplied with acid rain. A build up of fluoride within the drinkable water caused fluoride poisoning which resulted in bone deformities in people and livestock evident in graveyard excavations.Volcanoes also have the capacity to interrupt the normal weather patterns not only locally, but also on a large scale. For example, in France the extreme weather resulted in a surplus fruit in 1785 that inflicted poverty upon rural workers, accompanied by droughts, bad winters and summers, involved a horrific thunderstorm and hailstorm in 1788 that damaged crops. This in turn contributed significantly to the build up of poverty and famine that triggered the French revolution in 1780. Recent computer modeling shows that the cooler temperatures in the Northern hemisphere in 1783 caused a weak monsoon for Southern Asia and Northern Africa. The unusual cold in the North lessened the temperature argumentation between the land and the oceans, upon which the monsoon winds rely for their development and strength. With little or no monsoon, there are no clouds to produce rain for rivers or to prevent the surface evaporation. Without rain there was no irrigation supplied for crops and this resulted in a food shortage for these countries. The cooler weather also caused the Mississippi River to freeze and the formation of ice in the Gulf of Mexico. These unprecedented weather patterns upon Europe continued for several yearsLava is another dangerous feature of volcanoes. The vent of the Laki volcan o was marked by a row of lava fountains throwing red-hot molten basalt tens of meters into the air and in a single day, the front of the lava flow advanced 15km2, making it the largest historic eruption. The destructive power of lava flows lies in the high temperature of the rock, which can set structures aflame, and in the size and mass of the flow, which can engulf or oppress even large buildings. One observer of the Laki volcano said all the earths plants burned, withered and turned gray, one after another, as the fire increased and neared the settlements.Earthquakes can also be triggered by volcanic activity. The Earthquakes are produced by stress changes in solid rock caused by the insertion and/or removal of magma. These earthquakes can cause land to subside and can produce large ground cracks**. Furthermore, the Laki eruption was heralded by a series of earthquakes and the opening of fissures 25km long, and a shallow graben formed between two of the fissures.