Biography of Joseph Fourier - 1086 Words

Joseph Fourier was born in a modest family at Auxerre, France. Orphaned at an early age, Joseph acquired his initial education from Pallais’s school, which was run by the music teacher from the cathedral. Thereafter he proceeded to the École Royale Militaire of Auxerre. While he showed an aptitude and flair for literature, by the age of thirteen, this was overshadowed by mathematics a subject he found himself really interested in. Joseph completed a study of the six volumes of Bezouts Cours de mathà ©matiques when he was fourteen and in the following year received the first prize for his study of Bossuts Mà ©canique en general. In the year 1787, Fourier took admission in the Benedictine abbey of St Benoit-sur-Loire with a motive to train himself for priesthood. However simultaneously he submitted a paper on algebra to Montucla in Paris and even wrote a letter to Bonard stating his desire to make a major influence in mathematics. This move suggested Fouriers uncertainty a s to whether he really wanted to pursue the training in priesthood or not. In 1789 Fourier left for Paris where he read a paper on algebraic equations at the Acadà ©mie Royale des Sciences. The next year Fourier took up the position of a tutor at the Benedictine college Ecole Royale Militaire of Auxerre where he had studied. As if Fouriers uncertainty to follow a religious life or one of mathematical research was not enough the conflict became worse when he got involved in

Business Process Management Architectures

Question: Discuss about the Business Process Management Architectures. Answer: Introduction Management is a vast concept, which involves many diverse areas. Typical examples of this are the sales, operations, marketing and finance. These four components make up the business of companies and organizations (Weske, 2012, p.343). In view of the earlier sentence, it can be said that business and management are interrelated with each other. Management of the business activities expands the scope and arena of the companies and organizations within the market. The discussion on Rio Tinto provides an insight into management of the businesses for its prosperity. Within the four components, marketing is crucial for companies and organizations, including Rio Tinto. Promotion of the produced energy to the prospective buyers at a reasonable rate expands the business of the organization (Fadun, 2013, p.225) Herein, lays the applicability of the aspect of managing the sales operations, which assists the personnel of companies and organizations to carry out the business activities efficiently. However, identification of the target market enhances the focus of the personnel of Rio Tinto in terms of achieving customer satisfaction. Marketing mix is a typical example in this direction. For the achievement of efficiency in business activities, raw materials are a crucial factor. Along with this, management of the human resources is crucial for the creation of quality products. Herein, lays another shade of management, which bestows quality products on the customers (Easterby, Thorpe Jackson, 2015, p.90). Within this, adherence to the integrated structure helps the personnel to create and develop effective plans. Involvement of the employees, stakeholders and shareholders within this process helps the personnel to ensure the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed plans in terms of the identified and the specified requirements. Maintenance of consistency in the execution of evaluation brings to the forefront the potential drawbacks in the products and services. Exposure of spontaneity in rectification of the drawbacks reflects the corporate attitude of the personnel. Herein, lays the true essence of the aspect of management (Jeston Nelis, 2014, p.89). All the se aspects seem true for Rio Tinto. Along with the inauguration of a company or organization, the responsibilities of the managers attain an escalation. The business enterprise of companies and organizations expand through the application of effective management techniques. Exposure of conscious attitude in the management techniques helps the personnel to track the progress in terms of the competition from the contemporary brands (Gilmour et al., 2013, p.78). The same is applicable for Rio Tinto, which caters to the energy requirements of the whole world. Along with success, managing the failures attains a different connotation towards the aspect of management. Typical examples of this are the intense competition from the contemporary brands. More specific issues are the threat of substitutes and new entrants, which limits the scope of organization to expand its business. Along with this, inadequate stock and financial instability aggravates the complexities of the organization. However, exposure of conscious approach towards these issues is an indication of true leadership, which places Rio Tinto ahead of the contemporary brands in the rat race (Weiss, 2014, p.67). The major drive behind this success is the adoption of business models, which helps the personnel to evaluate their performance. Along with this, adherence and compliance to the legislations, such as, competitive policies proves beneficial for Rio Tinto in terms of indulging into fair trade and transaction with the contemporary brands. Means Adopted by Rio Tinto The following provides a deeper understanding regarding the ways and means adopted by Rio Tinto for expanding their scope, arena and market size. Theoretical framework enlivens this process. Theoretical framework provides a clearer understanding about the basic concepts related to the management of business activities. One of these theories is the contingency theory, which compels the managers to put on their thinking caps in terms of taking decisions for the betterment of the companies and organizations (Rosemann Brocke, 2015, p.111). Maintaining pace with the current trends is an important proposition of this theory. This alignment helps the personnel of Rio Tinto to maintain their position within the Australian market. Involvement of the employees, stakeholders, shareholders and agency partners in the decision-making process proves beneficial for Rio Tinto in ensuring the effectiveness of the proposed plans in terms of the identified and specified requirements. Along with contingency theory, systems theory enhances the smooth functioning in case of the resources utilized by Rio Tinto for execution of the business activities. Market research in this case makes the personnel aware of the technologically advanced devices, which would provide the buyers and suppliers with modern energy (Chang, 2016, p.56). Creation and development of effective plans with the stakeholders and shareholders supports the management of Rio Tinto in selecting the appropriate devices for creating productive energy. Evaluation is an additional assistance in terms of assessing the effectiveness and feasibility of the selected device for creating the benchmark level of performance. Hiring experts for detecting the presence of virus in the devices helps the personnel to gift quality energy resources to the buyers. One of the essential components of management is the risk assessment. The managers of Rio Tinto adhere to the risk assessment process to mitigate the intensity of the potential risk factors for the customers, stakeholders, shareholders and agency partners (Hutt Speh, 2012, p.45). As a matter of specification, identification and specification of the risk factors solves half of the process of risk mitigation. As a sequential step, identification of the root cause of the risk factors supports the personnel of Rio Tinto to achieve effective control measures for the risks, which hampers the smooth functioning of the business activities. After the selection of a solution, evaluating the implemented solution helps the managers of Rio Tinto to ensure its effectiveness and applicability in terms of the identified and specified objectives (Aalst, 2013, p.34). Within this, rating the risk can be considered as the approach of the personnel towards the intensity of the encountered risks. Herein, lays the appropriateness of the aspect of risk confrontation. Viewing it from other perspectives, rating the risk can be considered as the confidence of the Rio Tinto personnel towards mitigating the intensity of the risk factors. In case of failure of one solution, application of alternative solutions improves the performance of Rio Tinto in terms of the competitive ambience of the market. Continuous review of the employees approach towards the implemented risk control measure is assistance for the managers to assess their progress as compared to the specified benchmark performance. Maintenance of consistency in the execution of evaluation upgrades the performance of Rio Tinto personnel towards the efficient execution of the business activities (Rglinger, Pppelbu, Becker, 2012, p.330). One of the other benefits of risk assessment is ensuring the wellbeing of the customers, who are the key stakeholders for companies and organizations like Rio Tinto. Adopting proper communication channels, such as social media makes the personnel aware of the customer approaches towards the organizational issues. Regular surfing of the website portals adds value to the aspect of customer relationship management (Hill, Cronk Wickramasekera, 2013,p.23). Production of customer centric services enhances the stability in the relationship the organization and the customers. Putting the newly launched products and services on social media, acts as a promotional activity for the organization. Along with this, it also helps the personnel to increase the trafficking of the audience towards the brand image. Levying authentic information to the customers on social media enhances the brand awareness of Rio Tinto (Aalst, 2013, p.123). Training is one of the other shades of management. As a matter of specification, training enhances the preconceived skills, expertise and knowledge of the employees. Capability of the employees of Rio Tinto, to make practical application of the learnt skills in the workplace operations, adds value to the concept of training. Training also finds its applicability in terms of approaching the risk management (Chang, 2016, p.234). Providing training to the employees on effective risk management techniques proves beneficial for Rio Tinto to overcome the crisis period in an effective manner. This confidence is assistance for the organization in terms of restoring customer loyalty. Along with this, training also proves beneficial for the managers of Rio Tinto to manage the human resources in an effective manner. The current scenario of the companies and organizations generalizes training, which possesses flexibility for restoring adding firmness within the market position of companies and organizations (Weiss, 2014, p.345). Viewing the other benefits of training, it acts as a medium between management and business. Training upgrades the knowledge of the employees on management. Providing adequate motivation and encouragement to the employees generates an urge among them to expose better performance, which takes organizations like Rio Tinto to the peak of success. Conclusion In view of the highlighted facts, it can be concluded that management of operations enhances the business of the companies and organizations (Easterby, Thorpe Jackson, 2015, p.456). Provision of training to the employees eases out the tasks of the managers as it makes the employees self-dependent of the activities performed. Self-management by the employees leads to a collaborative management, which nullifies the need of the managers. Countering this, managers act as a protection for organizations by Rio Tinto in terms of mitigating issues such as risks. This mitigation attains a different shade, which ensures the wellbeing of the customers, the ultimate motto of the business organizations (Weske, 2012, p.350). References Chang, J. F. (2016).Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R., Jackson, P. R. (2015).Management and business research. Sage. Fadun, O. S. (2013). Risk management and risk management failure: Lessons for business enterprises.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,3(2), 225. Gilmour, P., Borg, G., Duffy, P. A., Johnston, N. D., Limbek, B. E., Shaw, M. R. (2013). Customer service: differentiating by market segment.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Hill, C. W., Cronk, T., Wickramasekera, R. (2013).Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Hutt, M. D., Speh, T. W. (2012).Business marketing management: B2B. Cengage Learning. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014).Business process management. Routledge. Rglinger, M., Pppelbu, J., Becker, J. (2012). Maturity models in business process management.Business Process Management Journal,18(2), 328-346. Rosemann, M., vom Brocke, J. (2015). The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Van Der Aalst, W. M. (2013). Business process management: a comprehensive survey.ISRN Software Engineering,2013. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Weske, M. (2012). Business process management architectures. InBusiness Process Management(pp. 333-371). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Stone Trees Essay Example For Students

Stone Trees Essay Stone Trees is a short story written by Jane Gardam, which deals with the binding truth encountered after the loss of an important person. She skilfully presents the situation through an apparently hard to grasp manner, which seems quite confusing to the reader at first, but which will then end as being the most characterizing and vital part of the written work. Every segment of the story needs to be therefore analyzed, in order to fully understand and give the text a deeper value. The story or its extract, talks about a woman, the main character who loses a very close person, perhaps her husband or parter with whom she was in a very close and important relationship. The part wich is emphasized in the story is the loss of the lady, and the feelings, how she reacts to it. It is very explicitly written, since the author follows the thoughts of the main character without a definite chronology or much sense. She (the main character) jumps from thinking about her husband not being with her, then about her job, and then about the island she is going to. Everything is really fragmented and confused. She seems to spend the days when the funeral is occuring at a friends house. â€Å" So now that he is dead. They were at the funeral. Not their children. Too little. So good so good they were to me.† This suggest that they were very close friends, since they help her through such a difficult period. Also they were probably also her husbands friends, since she specif ies that Anna, the friend, cried a lot. We will write a custom essay on Stone Trees specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As mentioned earlier, the structure of the story is quite peculiar. It looks like it follows the characters thoughts without any sort of filters. This enables the reader to furtherly understand the characters state. This is particularly effective, giving that it has to do with a topic which evokes such strong feelings. The extract is full of flashback, because of this stream of thoughts, that have no particular chronology. She transitions from the funeral to her youth years in Cambridge and then to the Isle of Weight, where she sees stone trees, which symbolize the death of her husband, and which give the title to the story. The whole story developes from a first person point of view. The most eye campturing part of the piece is probably how she adresses her husband. We get that they were really close when instead of saying you and I, she rather uses you/I. Also, she first referrs to his death in third person to then switch, and proceeding with a direct conversation, using â€Å"you†. Except for adding meaning to the story and character, it gives the whole extract an extremely interesting and original touch. We do not get very much information about the characters from reading the story. We do understand in depth the womans feelings, however nothing more. It is understandable that Anna and Tom are some close family friends, which knew both her and her husband quite well and probably from a long time. Tom was a priest and unlike the dead husband, he did not change throughout the years, as well as Anna. She is described as a really good person, someone who never did anything wrong, her view on having sex before marriage is clearly stated, adn delineates her character. The language used by the author is very effective and memorable. She uses short and crude senteces, and repeats various word many times, as â€Å"now that youre dead†, and â€Å" you and I†, which are probably the key sentences in the whole extract. She uses such language to accentuate the confused and nostalgic state of mind that the main character has. She also uses sentences as â€Å"the boat crosses. Has crossed. Already. Criss-cross deck. Criss-cross water.† this also stressed her lack of concentration and ability to think about one thing only, which is caused by the difficult situation she is in. .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b , .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b .postImageUrl , .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b , .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b:hover , .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b:visited , .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b:active { border:0!important; } .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b:active , .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u190e54bb4eb2879ef78c6778f1c05b8b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The role of the Inspector in- An Inspector Calls EssayDespite being a quite complex text, after having it read a couple of times, I can say that I really enjoyed it and I will definately remember it. The use of language and style to give meaning to the whole story is quite magnificent and rare. The thing that probably stick out the most is the ending which contains slight black humor, when the two young girls talk about getting rid of men in front of a woman whos life has just completely fallen apart because her man passed away.

Maya Angelou - Poet, Author, Actress, Playwright

Maya Angelou - Poet, Author, Actress, Playwright Maya Angelou was an African-American author, playwright, poet, dancer, actress, and singer.  Her illustrious 50-year career included publishing 36 books,  including volumes of poetry and three books of essays. Angelou is credited for producing  and acting in several plays, musicals,  movies, and TV shows.  Ã‚  She is best known, however,  for her first autobiography,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969). The book depicts the  tragedies of Angelous traumatic childhood,  detailing a brutal rape at 7 1/2,  and an early  adulthood encumbered by teenage pregnancy. Dates: April 4, 1928 to May 28, 2014 Also Known As:   Marguerite Anne Johnson (born as), Ritie, Rita A Long Way From Home Maya Angelou was born Marguerite Anne Johnson on April 4, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri,  to Bailey Johnson Sr., a porter and navy dietitian,  and Vivian Bibbie Baxter, a nurse. Angelou’s only sibling, one-year-older brother Bailey Jr. was unable as a child to pronounce Angelou’s first name, Marguerite, and thus nicknamed his sister Maya, derived from My Sister. The name-change proved useful later in Mayas  life. After her parents separated in 1931, Bailey Sr.  sent three-year-old Maya and Bailey Jr. to live with his mother, Annie Henderson, in segregated Stamps, Arkansas. Momma, as Maya and Bailey called her, was the only black female storeowner in rural Stamps and was highly respected. Despite the fact that severe poverty abounded, Momma prospered during the Great Depression and World War II by supplying basic staples. In addition to running the store, Momma took care of her paralyzed son, whom the children called â€Å"Uncle Willie.† Although smart, Maya was extremely insecure as a child, viewing herself as awkward, unwanted, and ugly because she was black. At times, Maya sought to hide her legs, greased them with Vaseline, and dusted them with red clay   deeming any color  was  better than black. Bailey, on the other hand, was charming, free-spirited, and extremely protective of his sister. Life in Stamps, Arkansas Momma put her grandchildren to work in the store, and Maya watched the exhausted cotton-pickers as they trudged to and from work. Momma was the chief stabilizer and moral guide in the childrens lives, giving them valuable advice in picking their battles with white people. Momma warned that the slightest impertinence could result in lynching. The daily indignities manifested through entrenched racism made life in Stamps  miserable for the displaced children. Their shared experience of loneliness and longing for their parents led to a strong dependence on each other. The childrens passion for reading provided a  refuge  from their harsh reality. Maya spent every Saturday in  Stamps library, eventually reading every book on its shelves. After four  years in Stamps, Maya and Bailey were surprised when their handsome father appeared driving a fancy car to take them back to St. Louis to live with their mother.   Maya watched curiously as  Bailey Sr.  interacted with  his mother  and brother, Uncle Willie making them feel inferior  with his boasting. Maya did not like it, especially when Bailey Jr. the splitting image of his father acted as if this man had never abandoned them. Meet Me in St. Louis Vivian was devastatingly beautiful and the children instantly fell in love with her, especially Bailey Jr.  Mother Dear, as the children called her,  was a force of nature  and  lived life to the fullest, expecting everyone else to do the same.  Although Vivian had a nursing degree, she made  a nice  living playing poker in gambling parlors. Landing in St. Louis during Prohibition, Maya and Bailey were introduced to underworld crime figures by their maternal grandmother (â€Å"Grandma Baxter†), who entertained them. She also had clout with the citys police. Vivians father and four brothers had city jobs,  rare for black men, and had a reputation for being mean. But they treated the children well and Maya was awed by them, finally feeling a sense of familial belonging. Maya and Bailey stayed with Vivian and her  older boyfriend, Mr. Freeman. Vivian was strong,  vibrant, and independent like Momma, treating her children well. However,  she was dispassionate and Maya could not establish a close relationship. Innocence Lost Maya craved her mothers affection so much that she began confiding in Vivians insecure  boyfriend. Mayas 7 1/2-year-old innocence was shattered when Freeman molested her on two occasions, then raped her- threatening to kill Bailey if she told. Although he was found guilty at a hearing and sentenced to one year in jail, Freeman was temporarily released. Three weeks later, Maya overheard police telling Grandma Baxter that Freeman had been found beaten to death, presumably by her uncles. The family never mentioned the incident. Thinking she was  responsible for Freemans death by testifying, confused Maya resolved to protect others by not speaking. She became mute for five years, refusing to speak to anyone except her brother. After a while, Vivian was unable to deal with Mayas emotional state. She sent the children back to live with Momma in Stamps, much to Baileys discontent. The emotional consequences caused by the rape followed Maya throughout her lifetime. Back  to Stamps and a Mentor Momma wasted no time getting Maya help by introducing her to Bertha Flowers, a beautiful,  refined, and educated black woman.  The great teacher exposed Maya to classic authors, such as Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, and James Weldon Johnson, as well as black female authors. Flowers had Maya memorize certain works by the authors to recite aloud- showing her that words have the power to create, not destroy.   Through Mrs. Flowers, Maya realized the power, eloquence, and beauty of the spoken word. The ritual  awakened Mayas passion for poetry,  built confidence, and slowly goaded  her out of silence. Once reading books as a refuge from reality,  she now read books to understand it. To Maya, Bertha Flowers was the ultimate role model- someone she could aspire to become. Maya was a great student and graduated with honors in 1940 from Lafayette County Training School. An eighth-grade graduation was a big  occasion in Stamps, but the white speaker  insinuated that  the black graduates could only succeed in sports or servitude, not academics. Maya  was inspired, however, when the class valedictorian led the graduates in Lift Evry Voice and Sing,  listening for the first time to the songs words. Its Better in  California Stamps, Arkansas was a town entrenched in severe racism. For instance, one day, when Maya had a severe toothache, Momma took her to the only  dentist in town, who was white,  and  to whom she had loaned money during the Great Depression. But the dentist refused to treat Maya,  proclaiming that he would rather stick his hand in a dogs mouth than in black Mayas. Momma took Maya outside and stamped back into the  mans office. Momma returned with $10 she said the dentist owed her in interest on his loan and took Maya 25 miles to see a black dentist. After Bailey came home terribly shaken one day,  having been forced by a white man to help load a black mans  dead, rotting body onto a wagon, Momma  prepared to get her grandchildren  away from further dangers. Never having traveled more than 50 miles from her birthplace, Momma left Willie and her store to take Maya and Bailey to their mother in Oakland, California. Momma stayed six months to get the children settled before returning to Stamps. Genuinely glad to have her children back, Vivian  threw  Maya and Bailey a welcoming  party at midnight.  The children discovered their mother was popular and fun-loving, with many male suitors. But Vivian  chose to marry  Daddy Clidell, a  successful businessman who moved the family to San Francisco. Upon Mayas entrance into Mission High School, she  was  advanced a grade and later transferred to a school where she  was one of only three blacks. Maya liked one teacher, Miss Kirwin, who treated everyone  equally. At 14, Maya received a full college scholarship to the California Labor School  to study drama and  dance. Growing Pains Daddy Clidell was the owner of several apartment buildings and pool halls, and Maya was enthralled  by his quiet dignity. He was the only true father figure she ever knew, making Maya feel like his cherished daughter. But when  Bailey Sr.  invited her to stay with him and his much younger girlfriend Dolores for the summer, Maya accepted. When she arrived, Maya was shocked to discover they lived in a low-class trailer  home. From the outset, the two women didnt get along. When Bailey Sr. took Maya to Mexico on a shopping trip, it ended disastrously with 15-year-old Maya  driving her inebriated father back to the Mexican border. Upon their return, jealous Dolores confronted Maya, blaming her for coming between them. Maya slapped Dolores for calling  Vivian a whore; Dolores then stabbed Maya in the hand and stomach with scissors. Maya ran from the house bleeding. Knowing she couldnt hide her wounds from Vivian, Maya did not return to San Francisco.  She was also afraid that Vivian and her family would cause trouble for Bailey Sr., remembering what happened to Mr. Freeman. Bailey Sr. took Maya to get her wounds wrapped at a friends house. Determined never to  be victimized again, Maya fled the home of her fathers friend and spent the night in a  junkyard. The next morning, she  found  there were several runaways  living there.  During  her month-long stay with the runaways, Maya learned to not only dance and cuss  but to also appreciate diversity,  which influenced the rest of her life.  At summers end, Maya decided to return to her mother, but the experience left  her feeling  empowered. Movin On Up Maya had matured from a timid girl into a  strong young woman. Her brother Bailey, on the other hand, was changing. He had become obsessed  with winning his mothers affection, even beginning to  emulate the lifestyles of the men  Vivian once kept company with. When Bailey brought a white prostitute home, Vivian kicked him out. Hurt and disillusioned, Bailey eventually left town  to take a job with the railroad. When school started in the fall, Maya  convinced Vivian  to let her  take a semester off to work. Missing Bailey terribly,  she  sought a distraction and  applied for a job as a streetcar conductor,  despite racist hiring policies.  Maya persisted for weeks, eventually becoming  San Franciscos first black streetcar operator. Upon returning to school, Maya began to mentally exaggerate her masculine features and became worried that she might be a lesbian.   Maya decided to get a boyfriend to convince herself otherwise. But all of  Mayas male friends  wanted slim, light-skinned, straight-haired girls, and she possessed none of these qualities.  Maya then  propositioned a handsome neighbor boy, but the unsatisfying encounter didnt allay her anxieties. Three weeks later, however, Maya discovered she was pregnant. After calling Bailey, Maya decided to keep her pregnancy a secret. Afraid that Vivian would make her quit school, Maya threw herself into her studies, and after graduating from the Mission High School in 1945  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹confessed her eighth-month pregnancy. Claude Bailey Johnson, who later changed his name to Guy,  was born shortly after 17-year-old Mayas graduation. A New Name, New Life Maya adored her son and, for the very first time, felt needed.  Her life became more colorful as  she worked to  provide for  him by singing and  dancing in nightclubs, cooking, being a cocktail waitress,  a prostitute, and  a brothel madam. In 1949, Maya married  Anastasios Angelopulos, a Greek-American sailor. But the interracial marriage in 1950s America was doomed from the start, ending in 1952. In 1951, Maya studied modern dance under greats  Alvin Ailey and Martha Graham, even  teaming with Ailey to perform at local  functions  as Al and Rita. Working as a professional calypso dancer  at the Purple Onion in San Francisco, Maya was still called Marguerite Johnson. But that soon changed when, at the insistence of her managers, Maya combined her former husbands surname and Baileys nickname of Maya,  to create  the distinctive name,  Maya Angelou. When Angelou’s beloved Momma passed away, Angelou  was sent into a tailspin. Distraught,  but vowing to live fully,  Angelou turned down a contract for a Broadway play, left her son with Vivian, and  embarked on a 22-nation  tour with the opera Porgy and Bess (1954-1955). But Angelou continued to hone her writing skills while traveling, as she found  solace in creating poetry. In 1957, Angelou  recorded her first album, Calypso Heat Wave. Angelou had been dancing, singing, and acting  throughout San Francisco, but then moved to New York and joined the Harlem Writers Guild in the late 1950s. While there, she befriended literary great James Baldwin,  who encouraged  Angelou to  focus directly on a writing career. Triumph and Tragedy In 1960, after hearing civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speak,  Angelou wrote along  with Godfrey Cambridge,  Cabaret for Freedom,  to benefit Kings Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Angelou was a great asset as a fundraiser and organizer;   she was then appointed SCLCs Northern Coordinator by Dr. King. Also in 1960,  Angelou took a common-law husband, Vusumzi Make, a South African anti-apartheid leader from Johannesburg.  Maya,  her 15-year-old son Guy, and new husband moved to Cairo, Egypt, where Angelou became an editor for The Arab Observer. Angelou continued taking teaching and writing jobs as she and  Guy adjusted. But as her relationship  with Make came to an end in 1963,  Angelou left Egypt with her son for Ghana. There, she became an administrator at the University of Ghanas School of Music and Drama, an editor for The African Review, and a feature writer for  The Ghanaian Times. As a result of her travels,  Angelou was  fluent in French, Italian, Spanish, Arabic, Serbo-Croatian, and Fanti (a West African language). While living in Africa,  Angelou  established a great friendship with Malcolm X. Upon returning to the States in 1964 to help him build the newly  formed Organization of African American Unity, Malcolm X was assassinated soon thereafter. Devastated,  Angelou went to live with her brother in Hawaii but returned to Los Angeles during the summer of the 1965 race riots.  Angelou wrote and acted in plays until  she returned to New York in 1967. Hard Trials, Great Achievement In 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. asked Angelou to organize a march, but the plans were interrupted when King was assassinated on April 4, 1968 –  on Angelous 40th birthday. Reeling and vowing never to celebrate the date again, Angelou was encouraged by James Baldwin to overcome her grief by writing.   Doing what she did best,  Angelou wrote, produced, and narrated Blacks, Blues, Black!,  a ten-part documentary series about the link between the blues music genre and black heritage.  Also in 1968,  attending a dinner party with Baldwin, Angelou was challenged to write an autobiography by Random House editor Robert Loomis.  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Angelous first autobiography,  which was published in 1969, became an immediate bestseller and brought Angelou worldwide acclaim. In 1973, Angelou wed the Welsh writer and cartoonist Paul du Feu. Though Angelou never spoke openly about her marriages, it was  deemed by  those closest  to be her longest and happiest union. However, it ended in amicable divorce in 1980. Awards and Honors Angelou was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1977 for her role as Kunta Kintes grandmother in Alex Haleys television miniseries, Roots. In 1982, Angelou began teaching at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina,  where she held the first lifetime Reynolds Professorship of American Studies. Past presidents Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and Bill Clinton requested Angelou to serve on various boards. In 1993, Angelou was asked to write and recite a poem (On the Pulse of the Morning) for Clintons inauguration, winning a Grammy award and  being the second individual after Robert Frost (1961) so honored. Angelous numerous awards include  the Presidential Medal of Arts  (2000),  the Lincoln Medal (2008), the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama (2011), the  Literarian Award from the National Book Foundation (2013), and the Mailer Prize for Lifetime Achievement (2013). Though her educational pursuits were limited to high school, Angelou received 50 honorary doctorates. A Phenomenal Woman Maya Angelou  was highly  respected by millions as  an  astounding  author,  poet,  actor, lecturer, and activist.  Starting  in the  1990s and continuing to shortly before her death,  Angelou made  at least 80 appearances annually on the lecture circuit.   Her comprehensive body of published works include  36 books, seven of which are autobiographies, numerous collections of poetry, a book of essays, four plays, a screenplay- oh,  and a cookbook. Angelou once had three  books- I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, The Heart of a Woman, and Even the Stars Looked Lonesome- on New York Times bestseller list for six consecutive weeks, simultaneously. Whether through a book, a play, poem, or lecture, Angelou inspired millions,  especially women, to  use the negative experiences they survived  as a  catapult to impossible achievements. On the morning of May 28, 2014, frail and suffering from a heart-related  extended  illness, 86-year-old Maya Angelou was  found unconscious  by her caretaker.  Accustomed to  doing things her way, Angelou had instructed her staff to not resuscitate her in such a condition.   The memorial ceremony in  Maya Angelous honor, hosted by Wake Forest University, included many luminaries. Media mogul Oprah Winfrey, Angelous long-time friend and protege,  planned and  directed the heartfelt tribute. The town of Stamps renamed its only park  in Angelous honor in June 2014.

Contract Law Degree Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contract Law Degree - Case Study Example The case is similar to that of Bad Wound v. Lakota Community Homes, Inc., 1999 SD 165, 9, 603 NW2d 723, 725 Rupert has full right to demand Herbert to settle the payment as per the terms of contract. Rupert has fulfilled all provisions of the contract to the full satisfaction of Herbert.As such Rupert has not violated the terms of contract and has fully satisfied the clauses of the contract. Hubert has evidently declared that Rupert has satisfied the terms and is content with the work he has done. So, Rupert has the full right to demand the actual cost with a 10% of deduction. If Hubert fails to give the remaining 15% of the costof the listed items Rupert can very well move the court demanding the same.The court will direct Hubert to pay him the remaining amount with or without bank interest. Rupert must move the court for claiming the amount unpaid by Hubert. The law of tort is regarded as a legal injury. It establishes the situations under which an individual might be held legally responsible for another's injury as a result of either deliberate acts or accidents. Consequently, on these grounds, in England, the traits were first established by the principles of Roman law several centuries ago. This legal system of domestically dealing with assault and battery was based on nominate torts. Nominate tort is a sharp contrast to the open Continental approach to tortuous liability. Thus, to constitute a tort the following conditions have to be satisfied: The wrong doer must have committed some omission on his/her part. Such acts or omissions on the part of the wrong doer must result in violation of legal rights of the aggrieved. Torts can be categorized into three groups. They are: 1. Intentional torts (e.g., deliberately harming a person); 2. Negligent torts (inducing an accident by not obeying traffic rules); and 3. Strict liability torts (e.g., liability for being aware of the defects in making and selling the products). The Law of Tort with regard to negligence is being examined in this essay. Negligence The law of negligence was originated in a court case Donahue v Stephenson (1932) in which a woman named Donahue suffered from gastro-enteritis after drinking ginger beer from a bottle which contained a dead snail. She took legal action for damages for personal injury. The judge who heard the case was Lord Atkins, and he ruled for the first time ever, that the manufacturer of the ginger beer had a 'duty of care' for the safety and well being of Donahue, notwithstanding that it was her friend who had actually bought the bottle, and in allowing a snail to remain in the bottle of ginger beer, the manufacturer had been negligent. The scope of the duty of care in negligence was defined by Lord Atkins in this case. He found: "You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbor. Who, then, in law, is my neighbor The answer seems to be persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question." Breach of the duty of care was best conceived and summed up in Blyth v Birmingham

Object Oriented Programming is the main drain in project development Essay

Object Oriented Programming is the main drain in project development time due to its complexity - Essay Example Abstraction is simply defined as disregarding the extraneous functions, properties, or features and emphasizing the ones that are significant to the related program. Abstraction refers to taking the essential parts of the program and incorporating them into the program while putting away the parts of the program that may not be essential in the process of program development. Encapsulation in simple terms is summing up or rather putting together. Encapsulation is the way of assembling into a single object the data and the operations that affect the program’s data. Inheritance refers to the process of developing new and unique classes from the ones that have been existence. Inheritance also makes the new classes to acquire the attributes and behaviour of the previous classes. (Svenk 2003, p232.) The new attributes and behaviour of the former classes are incorporated into the new classes so as to suit their requirements. Inheritance may be either single or partial. Polymorphism is the capability of the program developed to perform similar operations on different types of objects. Each operation is implemented in a way that is apt to the objects that are in use in the program. Object oriented programming bundles procedures and data structures so that an object which is an illustration of class is able to operate on its own data structure. Polymorphism degree that is allowed varies and is of three major flavours referred to as parametric polymorphism, function overloading and sub-typing polymorphism. Parametric polymorphism allows the description of a class or function to be conceptual with respect to some set of types and is predominantly essential when describing abstract data type objects such as lists, arrays, queues, stacks, hash maps trees, graphs, and sets. Data stored in all these abstract data types is stored in a neutral way and is specified parametrically thus allowing the re-usability of the data. Parametric polymorphism allows a single function definition to be used with arguments of varying types. Parametric polymorphism is particularly useful in structural modelling due to the substantial number of parametric polymorphic modules. Function overloading allows the program to modify a function computation based on the types of its arguments as well as allowing a single function to be defined with many signatures. Function overloading helps improve the re-usability by increasing the applicability of the components involved thereof. It helps improve the applicability of the program in different fields since it can be applied in various modules seeing that the components are re-usable. The natural extension of functional overloading is to allow a component to identify various type signatures for its ports in the structural domain. Sub-typing is in such a manner that it allows a value of one type to be used in a place where a value of another type is a requirement so long as the first type is a subtype of the latter. This means that in function call, it is possible for data whose types are subtypes of the function types to be

Conan Doyle create Essay Example for Free

Conan Doyle create Essay By what means does Conan Doyle create and maintain an Atmosphere of Suspense and Mystery in The Adventure of the Speckled Band This short tale shows all the formulae that Conan Doyle uses to create suspense. It adheres to Conan Doyles previous successes by using his familiar way of building and prolonging suspense. The ways in which he achieves this are numerous. In this account he uses the description of buildings and objects to create suspense. For example, there is a description of the Roylott Mansion, Stoke Moran. Both Miss Stoner and Watson tell us of a large house, grey, two curved wings like a crab, in disrepair, blue smoke curling out of the chimney, and boarded over windows (to promote a sense of secrecy maybe). This description of the house forms suspense solely by creating an image of an eerie house, one that epitomises the stereotypical haunted house. Therefore one is thinking that something thrilling and exciting, but also sinister, is going to happen in this house. More suspense is built after Watson and Holmes enter the house, when they look at a few of the objects in the murdered womans bedroom, more specifically; the bell-pull, the ventilation and the bed. The bell-pull is odd because it is not attached to a bell, but is attached to a hook instead, by the ventilation therefore doing nothing, as voiced here; No, its not even attached to a wire. This fastened to a hook just above where the little opening for the ventilator is. The ventilation is weird because it does not lead to any fresh air but instead to another part of the house; what a fool a builder must be to open a ventilator into another room he might have communicated with the outside air! Finally the bed is odd because it is bolted to the floor meaning that it cant be moved away from where it already is by the ventilation and the bell-pull which are of no use; Holmes picks up on this later on; The lady could not move her bed. It must always be in the same relative position to the ventilator and to the rope These references build suspense because even after Holmes has done a long examination of them and asked himself a few questions, these questions are left unanswered: Whoever designed the room in this way must have calculated a need for it to be so, but who would have done so, and why. It makes you question, it makes you think, it makes you feel uneasy it creates suspense. The most obvious thing that one notices is the way that Conan Doyle describes and uses characters to produce and sustain the suspense. There are many examples of this, such as; the gypsies being used as a red herring to the investigation. As a reader one thinks that the title Speckled Band could refer either to the gypsy band or to the curious marks found on the dead woman of a speckled band. The description by Watson of Grimesby Roylott bursting into the room, a man so broad and burly that he nearly fills the doorway, wearing big leather boots and carrying a crop, tanned, deep-set staring eyes, and a long thin nose. This description makes one think of a menace of a man, maybe a killer, as weve already been told of his violent nature but the idea that he is the killer is immediately dismissed because one is thinking that Conan Doyle wouldnt make finding the murderer that obvious and easy, it seems too stereotypical, at least to the reader. He is still a suspect because his room is connected to the deceased by a ventilation shaft. Therefore one still wonders whom the murderer is, prolonging the suspense. Ironically in the end it turns out to be Roylott; Conan Doyle has double-bluffed us through his writing. Another aspect one has to mention is that of the opening scene when Watson mentions that this was the most incomprehensible of all Holmes 70-plus cases. Watson describes it as fantastic, unusual, and non-commonplace; we are immediately intrigued, creating a perfect opener for the habitual Holmes reader or any mystery reader as a matter of fact. It makes one want to read on and find out exactly why this could be one of Holmes and Watsons most strange and memorable cases; again the reader is held in suspense. The opening is rather abrupt, which quickly and easily draws one in because nowhere in this opening is there a lapse of interest, the reader cannot relax. Then just as one thinks that one has reached a climax, as we think we are going to be told short and quick who the killer was and what exactly it did, Conan Doyle changes the subject to another curiosity; from Watsons intriguing build-up to Helen Stoner demanding that they come to meet her step-father immediately. There are widespread rumours as to the death of Dr Grimesby Roylott which tend to make the matter even more terrible than the truth, then it seems a young lady has arrived in a considerable state of excitement, who insists on seeing me. Why does a lady want to see him? Why is she in that considerable state of excitement? Even more curious a question, What could be more terrible than the truth? Conan Doyle has created urgency, he has created unease, and thereby he has created suspense.