Beneficiary Interest Vs. Trustee Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Beneficiary Interest Vs. Trustee Power - Essay Example Trustees, having legal title to the property can exercise control over the property via the powers and rights bestowed on them by the settlor, who himself may be a beneficiary or trustee. These rights and powers arise from their office; they are to be exercised in their capacity as trustee and in the interest of beneficiaries who have beneficial ownership. With this beneficial title comes in equity, rights in respect of the trust rights themselves although not direct rights to possession of the trust property, (Law Commission 2011, P.227).These rights vary with the kind of trust created. The separation of ownership is one of the defining features of trusts .These powers pertain particularly in the trustee’s duty to invest the trust funds, duty to keep trust accounts and a duty to distribute trust assets according to the specifications of the trust. For breach of his duties, a trustee is liable for breach of trust for which the beneficiaries can sue for a money judgement. Benef iciaries have a right to due performance of the trust and to be considered. Powers of Investment The duty of investment has two major components: a duty to invest trust fund so as to be fair or even-handed between the different beneficiaries classes and a duty to invest the trust rights in such a manner as to protect them risk but also ensure reasonable returns.What amounts to investment is a matter of case law. In Re Powers, the court rejected the purchase of a house as residence for the beneficiaries as an investment because there would be no receipt of income from this. As pertains to even-handedness, the benefit of trust property is often divided into income and capital beneficiaries and it accrues as rent, dividends and so on. The guiding principle being that the character of an expense or receipt determines who bears it, hence capita for capital beneficiaries and expenses of an income nature are borne by income beneficiaries, (Penner 2008, P.275). Where such divisions cannot b e made, for example where all investment is income as in cases of wasting assets or where the investment doesn’t generate any income a trustee may favour a capital over an income beneficiary or vice-versa. Courts thus impose a duty of fairness requiring the trustee to equally weigh the capital in the making of his investment decisions. As demonstrable by the New Zealand case, Re Mulligan (1998), the duty to invest is a fiduciary one and only by being even-handed can he be said to have acted in the best interests of all beneficiaries. In the case the trustee investment choice maximised the income of the life tenant but there was little capital left in the fund on her death. Interestingly, Cowan v Scargill (1985) Megarry V-C held that trustees’ refusal of an investment plan amounted to a breach in trust. The standard of prudence required is subject to reasonableness, a trustee isn’t expected to overcome the market or save the fund from declining economic woes. The higher the risk of an investment the higher the returns to it. Historically, courts favoured safer options and until recently confined trustees to fixed interest government securities despite the broadness of investment clauses as designed by the settlor of the estate. Once interpreted restrictively, investment clauses are now given their plain meaning, Re Harari’s Settlement Trust, (1949). The Trustee Act gives the legal investment in the absence of clear instructions on the settlor’s part. The law gives a trustee limited powers to delegate investment-making decisions as is the power to appoint

Study Abroad Benefits Essay Example for Free

Study Abroad Benefits Essay The opportunity to study abroad during my college years would be a great experience. I believe studying overseas is an important, perhaps even necessary, event during college. There are many benefits to studying in another country, which include gaining a broader global perspective and learning about different cultures, religions and people. Knowledge gained from books and studying is important, but experiencing the world for oneself and learning outside the classroom is just as important. I believe that studying abroad would allow me to have a more comprehensive education, as I would learn so much more than I could gain from books. According to an article from the School of International Training, there are many benefits to studying abroad. One benefit is that you can gain new perspective on the world. You are able to learn through a cultural and academic experience from the inside out. It allows you to explore issues related to globalization, development, poverty, and social inequity from many different perspectives. When a student returns to the US, they will almost always see things differently: They can put themselves in someone else’s shoes more easily and have a better understanding of the world. Another benefit pointed out by SIT is increased language skills. Programs typically offer language study at the intermediate and advanced levels and beginning instruction in a less commonly taught language spoken by the local community. Often, courses will incorporate formal classroom instruction, discussion, and field exercises designed to enhance student engagement and improve oral and written competence. By using language skills in daily life, students can discover that they not only can survive but flourish in another country. According to UNT-International, studying abroad can improve your academic, professional and financial potential. International experience is a critical and very impressive part of any resume. In addition to the personal growth youll undergo while overseas, the international and cross-cultural interpersonal skills that students develop can expand their employment opportunities and income potential. Globally-minded employees are in high demand. Many companies seek out individuals with multi-lingual and multi-cultural experience and skills. Even more, while studying abroad, students can also take advantage of internships for an international work experience that is highly valued among U.S. employers. Students who undergo this will be able to, with their newly acquired skills, strengthen their resume in Americas increasingly ethnically and culturally diverse workforce. Finally, students typically make great gains in personal confidence and gain valuable insights into their own culture.

Huck and Jim in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay -- Mark Twain

A flat character is one that stays the same throughout a book or story, and a round character is one that changes throughout the book due to challenges they face and resolve. While Huck and Jim are two very important characters throughout the book, it could be argued that they are flat or round. Neither change very much, but each have small discoveries. Throughout the book, Huck is independent and easy going. He never wants to be kept down or tied to one place. Even though he is the main character, he does not change very much during the book. Even at the end, he refuses a home saying, â€Å"She’s going to adopt me and civilize me and I can’t stand it. I been there before.† (Twain, 338.) Huck could have had a home with Aunt Sally, but chose instead to do his own thing. This trait is evident throughout the novel. Although Huck has traits that are present in the entire book, he does make some changes. He gets closer to Jim and begins to see him as a combination of a parent figure and a friend. He no longer sees him as someone’s property. He actually says sorry to Jim after playing a p...

Still a Threat to the United States

The tenth anniversary of the 9/1 1 attacks prompted reflections on the current status of the terrorism threat to the United States. One aspect of an assessment†the threat posed by biological weapons†is especially challenging because of the unique character of these weapons. A prime distinction is the fact that exposure to minute quantities of a biological agent may go unnoticed, yet ultimately be the cause of disease and death.The Incubation period of a microbial agent can be days or weeks; unlike a bombing, knifing, or chemical dispersion, a bioattack might not be ecognized until long after the agent's release. Accordingly, bioterrorism poses distinctive challenges for preparedness, protection, and response. The use of a pathogen for hostile purposes became a consuming concern to the American people soon after 9/1 1 . About a half-dozen letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to Journalists and polltlclans beginning one week after the jetliner attacks.Four letters with spores and threat messages eventually were recovered. All were postmarked Trenton, New Jersey, which meant that they had been processed at the postal distribution center in nearby Hamilton. Two letters were postmarked September 18, one addressed to Tom Brokaw at NBC-TV and another to the editor of the New York Post. The other two letters were stamped October 9 and addressed to Senators Thomas Daschle and Patrick Leahy. As people became infected in September, October and November, local responses revealed gaps in preparedness for a biological attack.For example, the first confirmation of an anthrax case was on October 4, more than two weeks after the initial letters were mailed. Retrospective assessments later indicated that by then nine people had already contracted the disease. Their illness previously had been misidentified because of faulty diagnoses or erroneous laboratory In the end, at least 22 people had become infected, five of whom died. Meanwhile, scores of buildings were belatedly found to be contaminated with spores that had leaked from the letters.At least 30,000 people who were deemed at risk required prophylactic antibiotics. [2] Millions more were fearful, many of them anxious about opening their own mail. Since the anthrax attacks, the U. S. government has spent about $60 billion on biodefense. A large portion of those dollars has gone to biodefense research under he auspices of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). The NIAID budget for biodefense research has grown from $200 million in 2001 to an annual average of $1. 6 billion since 2004.United States safer from a bioattack now than at the time of the anthrax attacks? Has the spending been worth it? Key Questions, Discrepant Answers Opinions on these questions differ. While concerned about the danger of backsliding, the authors of an article in Politico now felt â€Å"reassured about our preparedness† for a biological attack. [3] At the same time, an opposing assessment was emblazoned in he title of a New York Times Magazine cover story: â€Å"Ten Years After the Anthrax Attacks, We Are Still Not Ready. [4] A review of biodefense efforts during the past 10 years in Science magazine blandly acknowledged the obvious: â€Å"debate continues over how much safer the country The congressionally chartered Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism (WMD Commission) issued a report card in 2010 on efforts to address several of its previous recommendations. The administration's failure to â€Å"enhance the nation's capabilities for rapid response to revent biological attacks from inflicting mass casualties† merited a grade of â€Å"F† (meaning that no action was taken on this recommendation).Almost as bad was the â€Å"D*† given for continuing inadequate oversight of high-containment laboratories. Reasonable arguments can be made to support varied views about these issues , and all conclusions bear a degree of subjectivity. Yet an assessment of several broad critical contentions can offer clarification. The criticisms are largely expressed in the form of five contentions. Contention #1 : Funding for biodefense has meant fewer dollars for other deserving reas such as public health infrastructure and basic science research.In 2005, 758 microbiologists signed a letter to Elias Zerhouni, then director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), objecting to the diversion of funds from public health research to biodefense projects. Zerhouni, Joined by NIAID Director Anthony Fauci, rejected the letter's premise of â€Å"diversion. † An assessment of disputed interpretations suggested that spending on biodefense benefited non-biodefense research as well, but the numbers were so â€Å"convoluted† that a clear determination was elusive. [7] An analysis of the biodefense budget for fiscal year 2012 indicates that only 10% of the proposed $6. bill ion is dedicated exclusively to civilian biodefense. The other 90% is for projects with both biodefense and non-biodefense implications. The non- biodefense goals, according to analysts Crystal Franco and Tara Kirk Sell, include â€Å"advancing other areas of science, public health, healthcare, national security, or international security. â€Å"[8] This tilt toward dual-track benefits has been reflected in past budgets as well. A report in Nature magazine indicated that of the $60 billion pent on biodefense in the past decade, only about $12 billion went for programs have benefited substantially from biodefense projects.Fiscal woes in recent years have in fact resulted in reduced resources for public health and related programs. Economic pressure threatens to shrink biodefense funding as it does funding for much else in the federal budget; however, it is not clear now, nor was it in the past, if fewer dollars for biodefense would necessarily translate into more for public health, basic research, or any other health-related programs. Contention #2: The growing number of facilities for research on select agents specified pathogens and toxins) has heightened chances of an accidental release. Statistics alone make this assertion unassailable.The chances of something going wrong in any enterprise, assuming no change in operational security, increase with the size of the enterprise. As the number of research facilities increases, so does the chance of an accident. A continuing weakness is the lack of clarity about the number of high security laboratories. In 1983, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) designated four levels of safety for laboratory work with biological agents. A Biosafety Level-I (BSL-I) laboratory allows for work on relatively innocuous agents and a BSL-4 laboratory on the most dangerous.The two highest containment facilities, BSL-3 and BSL-4, require special security measures including restricted access, negative pressure to prev ent air from flowing out of the room, and protective outerwear for operators. BSL-4 laboratories require additional safeguards such as entry through multiple air-locked rooms and positive pressure outerwear with a segregated air supply. A BSL-4 laboratory is required for work on agents that cause lethal disease for which here is little or no treatment (for example, smallpox and hemorrhagic fevers such as Ebola and Marburg).At present, there are 15 such U. S. facilities planned or in operation, triple the number operating in 2001. [10] Other dangerous agents, including the bacteria that cause anthrax and plague, are worked on in BSL-3 laboratories. The number of these laboratories has skyrocketed since 2001, although the actual figures are uncertain. While an estimated 20 BSL-3 facilities were operating before the anthrax attacks, in the decade since the number has grown to between 200 and an astonishing 1,400 or ore. [11] The huge discrepancy is attributable in part to varied method s of calculation.Some assessments have counted all BSL-3 laboratories in an institution as a single BSL-3 facility, while others have designated each laboratory as a separate entity. Furthermore, some laboratories with a BSL-3 designation may lack safety features found in others, such as double doors and a requirement that two persons must be present. No national authority is now empowered to mandate a single system of counting or that even the lowest estimated number of BSL-3 laboratories (200) represents a 10- old increase in the past 10 years, and that safety precautions at some BSL-3 facilities are less rigorous than at others.Contention #3: The growing number of investigators with knowledge about select agents has increased the chances that an unsavory scientist could launch a bioattack. Along with more high containment facilities has come more scientists who handle select agents. Concern about dangerous individuals among them was heightened in 2008 when the FBI named Bruce Ivi ns as the perpetrator of the 2001 anthrax attacks. Ivins was a veteran scientist who for decades had worked on anthrax at the U. S.Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) in Fort Detrick, Maryland. Before charges could be brought he committed suicide, so his guilt or innocence could never be established in a court of law. Still, evidence of his aberrational behavior, including alcoholism, depression, and self-described bouts of paranoia, evidently went unnoticed by his superiors. The Ivins case highlighted questions about the screening of workers with ready access to select agents. The number of those workers Just prior to the anthrax attacks has been estimated at about 700.By 2008, however, the figure had climbed to more han As some have suggested, the greater numbers mean that â€Å"the odds of one of them turning out to be a bad apple has increased. â€Å"[13] Ironically, Ivins was not a newly minted investigator, but a long-respected fgure in the arm y's biodefense program. Days after Ivins' death, a USAMRIID spokesperson acknowledged that officials may have been unaware of his problems because they relied in part on self-reporting. [14] In 2011, a mental health review panel concluded that â€Å"Dr.Ivins had a significant and lengthy history of psychological disturbance and diagnosable mental illness at the time he began working for USAMRIID in The Ivins case has raised concerns that other troubled or nefarious individuals might be working in U. S. laboratories. A recent government-sponsored forum on biosecurity called for periodic behavioral evaluations of personnel with access to select agents that include drug testing, searches for criminal history, and completion by selectees of a security questionnaire. 16] Even while acknowledging the necessity of security measures, the right to privacy and freedom of scientific inquiry must be respected to the extent possible. In any case, behavioral monitoring can never provide absolute protection against the acts of a lever miscreant. Contention #4: Money for biodefense has been misapplied or otherwise failed to produce desired results. Project BioShield was established by congress in 2004 to acquire medical countermeasures against biological, chemical, and radiological vaccines and other drugs that have not necessarily been tested for efficacy on humans.Beyond the loss of time and money, the VaxGen failure was a public embarrassment. It became a symbol of ineptness early in the new program. Other biosecurity programs have also drawn criticism, including a $534 million surveillance project called BioWatch. This program included the placement of air amplers for detection of anthrax spores and other agents in more than 30 major U. S. cities. A committee convened by the National Academy of Sciences concluded in 2010 that the program was faced with â€Å"serious technical and operational challenges. † Others flatly criticized its funding as wasted.

My Accounting Career Goals Essay

Everyone has a dream about future. The picture coming to my mind about my future is so fantastic. I dress up in a professional way and go to my own office in a big company. I am an accounting manager of the company whose employees have paid vacations and many other benefits as well. This dream really attracts me. I graduated from a Chinese college with an accounting major. I’ve worked for many years as an accountant and accounting manager. I have a medium level professional certificate of accounting in China. see more:how to write an essay about your future goals Now I wanted to do the same professional job in the U. S as in China. To chase my dream, I knew that first I needed to improve my English skills. I attend an ESL (English as second language) school to build my English foundation. I studied very hard and tried to improve my English. After two years of study, I successfully completed the ESL courses and received an award for outstanding. Then I finished my associate’s degree in Applied Science in Accounting at St. Louis Community College. I applied and was accepted for the undergraduate program in accounting at University of Missouri in St. Louis for next year. After I get my bachelor’s degree, I will look for a job in accounting field. I would like to work at a big company as accountant or accounting analyst. I will use my skills and my passion to help my company in seeking to maximize profit. I have excellent academic record and rich experiences which makes me a good candidate for the Edward Junes internship. I reached 3. 95 GPA at St.  Louis Community College. I was named to the dean’s list for both summer2010 and spring 2011. I completed 12 credit hours in the honor’s program and I received some awards such as honor’s scholar, award for academic excellence of honors program for 2011, Phi Theta kappa honors award and Who’s who among students in American universities & colleges. I was a volunteer of IRS income tax assistance in St. Louis Community College at Meramec campus. This program offered free tax help for taxpayers who qualify. I learned how to communicate with taxpayers and how to help people to do their tax returns. This was a great experience to me focus on income tax. I worked as an accountant for a Non- Profit Organization called IRAQI Student Project. I set up the new book for the organization in QuickBooks system. I adjusted some accounts that had errors. I recorded every transaction in QuickBooks. I build monthly financial statements for board meetings. This experience strengthened my accounting skills in the U. S.  I am working as a treasurer of Student Government Association and a vice president of finance of PTK at St. Louis Community College. During my work, I communicated with a great number of people and I enjoyed it a lot. Those are very good experiences that enhanced my leadership and communication skills. Chasing my dream will motivate my academic work at University of Missouri in St. Louis and help me finally reach my big career goal. I am not a perfect person, but I always pursuit to be perfect at every roles of my life.

cost accounting Essay Example

cost accounting Essay Example cost accounting Essay cost accounting Essay 2-22 Variable costs and fixed costs. Consolidated Minerals (CM) owns the rights to extract minerals from beach sands on Fraser Island. CM has costs in three areas: a. Payment to a mining subcontractor who charges $80 per ton of beach sand mined and returned to the beach (after being processed on the mainland to extract three minerals: ilmenite, rutile, and zircon). b. Payment of a government mining and environmental tax of $50 per ton of beach sand mined. c. Payment to a barge operator. This operator charges $1 50,000 per month to transport each batch of beach and†up to 100 tons per batch per day†to the mainland and then return to Fraser Island (that is, O to 100 tons per day = $150,000 per month; 101 to 200 tons per day = $300,000 per month, and so on). Each barge operates 25 days per month. The $150,000 monthly charge must be paid even if fewer than 100 tons are transported on any day and even if CM requires fewer than 25 days of barge transportation in that month. CM is currently mining 180 tons of beach sands per day for 25 days per month. . What is the variable cost per ton of beach sand mined? What is the fixed cost to CM per month? 2. Plot a graph of the variable costs and another graph of the fixed costs of CM. Your graphs should be similar to Exhibit 2-3, Panel A (p. 31), and Exhibit 2-4 (p. 34). Is the concept of relevant range applicable to your graphs? Explain. 3. What is the unit cost per ton of beach sand mined (a) if 180 tons are mined eac h day and (b) if 220 tons are mined each day? Explain the difference in the unit-cost figures.

Online Bill Payment and Conservation essays

Online Bill Payment and Conservation essays The Internet has presented us with many options for managing our lives and finances. Online bill paying has become a convenient way for people to pay their bills while conserving the environment. The purpose of this discussion is to examine how online bill paying helps the world's attempt to conserve. Our discussion will focus on how online bill paying conserves the use of paper products. In addition, we will discuss the challenges that online bill paying presents. Let's begin by defining According to an article in the journal, Economic Perspective, the "no longer uses the mail system as a delivery mechanism for bill presentment and payment initiation. Instead, it uses the Internet as a speedier and less expensive delivery infrastructure to present bills electronically. (6) With the percentage of U.S. households with Internet access having increased from 26.2 percent to 41.5 percent between December 1998 and August 2000 (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2000), Internet access to bill presentment and payment options is on In other words, online bill pay allows consumers to view their bills and pay them online. The consumer can pay bills using a checking account or a credit card. They can also make inquiries concerning their accounts Many large banks have embraced online bill paying as a part of their overall business strategy. Among the leaders in Online bill pay is Bank of America. The ABA Banking Journal reports that, "Bank of Americawhich made its EBPP free last year and phased in other technical alterations to simplify the user interfacelured some 200 odd billers on board and believes, overall, that sufficient progress is being made. In fact, BofA has experienced a 112% growth in bill pay service use since last year, notes Stephanie Smith, seni...

How to Get Writing a Novel off your Bucket List

How to Get Writing a Novel off your Bucket List How to Get â€Å"Writing a Novel† off Your Bucket List Natalie Barelli harbored a dream that's all too familiar for our readers - writing a novel. An IT professional writing a psychological thriller might have seemed like a  pipe dream, but persistence led to a book which by all accounts is a real page-turner. If "writing a novel" is still on your bucket list, you'll find some good inspiration and advice below!Edit:  Just 6 months  after publishing "Until I Met Her", Natalie Barelli got signed by Amazon Publishing's imprint Thomas Mercer. You can read about how that happened here.It was a conversation about bucket lists that got me started. Over a glass of wine - or ten, let’s be honest - my friend and I were lamenting the fact that it’s so easy to put something into the bucket list, but almost impossible to get it out again.So we decided to pick one each, and get on with it. And mine was to write a novel. More specifically, a psychological suspense novel, because I love them. I read them all the time, I am addict ed to them, and find them to be great stories. Ironically, I didn’t use to enjoy writing very much, but I have always loved stories, and the idea of them. And of course probably like anyone who has ever wanted to write a novel, I thought I could write one because I love reading them.Having decided that I would write a novel, I figured there must be structures out there that I could follow, something akin to the three-act paradigm that is used in film narratives. I was hoping for a â€Å"join the dots† style model, something along the lines of â€Å"kill someone in chapter 1† and â€Å"throw in a suspect in chapter 3† then link ‘em up in chapter 2. I got one item out of my bucket list, my house has never been so clean, and I published Until I Met Her on Amazon on 16 June, ten days ago at the time of writing this. To date the novel has received seven five-star reviews, all of which point to a good plot and good writing.I sure didn’t get those on my own.Until I Met Her here is now available on  Amazon, so make sure to get your copy!How close are you to finishing your first novel? Does  Natalie's story sound like a day out of your life?  Please  share your thoughts and experiences, or any question for Natalie, in the comments below!

Intolerance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Intolerance - Essay Example In this study we’re going to examine the concept of intolerance in the different areas of our lives and try to find suitable solutions to these problems. 1. Give a summary (including citations) of the two articles you selected and include   information on how the events in the articles show intolerance toward a group or   individual. Who are the minority and majority groups in this article? (min.1 pg- max 2   pgs for each article)   Article 1 â€Å"Crossing the Limits of Tolerance† (Newspaper article, Nov. 16th 2008) speaks of intolerance among people of different ethnic cultures. The majority groups in this case are people from the well developed countries who were very affluent and well educated. The minority groups in this case would be the people belonging to developing of underdeveloped countries and who are not so well educated and have a much lesser socio- economic background. This article sheds light on how people in ancient times exhibited great intoler ance due to insecurity involving territorial rights and their basic existence. However, when civilizations developed and progressed and Science made great advancement, man gained better insight and sophistication which led to a higher sense of security, thereby leading to greater tolerance and better harmony. However, in contemporary society, the scales have tipped once again towards intolerance, for the fact that great strides have been made in the field of technological advancement. People of affluent countries have discovered that they have power to gain control over the groups of have -nots by making use of such technology. It is due to such intolerance towards others that fear -mongering and insecurity have become the norm of today. Article 2 â€Å"For some Observers, History repeating itself† by Michael E. Ross, msnbc reporter, sheds light on the hate groups in the United States. The Southern Poverty Law Center, a legal defense organization for civil rights quotes the n umber of active hate groups to be 762. Intolerance towards different ethnic groups was the root cause for the formation of such hate groups. The organization monitored the emergence and progress of these groups and found that a leading Internet site called the ‘Stormfront Forum’ which was initially run by the previous leader of the Ku Klux Klan had a membership of 46, 300 and marketed ‘white supremacy’ to the masses through leaflets and billboards. Ethnic intolerance and racism was the fulcrum around which these hate groups operated. 2. Make a comparison between the two articles you selected and „Us and Them?. Cite   specific examples from both the articles and the articles in „Us and Them? and show how   they are similar and/or different. (min.1 pg- max 2 pgs)   Article 1 and 2 both deal with intolerance but each of a different kind. Article 1 speaks of intolerance of well educated and affluent societies towards groups and societies with a poor socio- economic background. It also sheds light on the power that is wielded by the affluent societies and directed towards the lesser developed countries who are no match for them. In comparison to the first article, the second article speaks of intolerance towards other ethnic groups by advocating hate towards them. ‘Us and Them’ by David Berreby is an invaluable and groundbreaking work that sheds light on our behavior and says how it comes in the way

Gender problem Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender problem - Coursework Example All these emanate from the fact that the boys believe that they exist in a boy world that expects them to be tough, aggressive, stern and even defiant. In terms of historical background, masculinity crisis in the boys in the educational setting has had a long record. Since time immemorial, lots of men have continually continued to suffer the wrath of living up to their societal constructed masculinity. The same masculinity has been expressed in the educational setting where the boys are expected to be tough and not show any form of passiveness. The boys, therefore, become aggressive and chose not to adhere to the school’s regulations. In the end, the boys do not perform as expected of them. Jones and Myhill (2004a) indicate that for a long time, the boys have been associated with misbehavior that leads to their underachievement in education. This stereotype has continued to discriminate the boys in the classroom setting; thus, placing them at a lower bar than the girls as far as education matters are concerned. The crisis of masculinity instilled in these boys continues to derail their abilities to act normally. They act as per the requirements of the society and their peers. Boys will then continue to be troubled and the girls hopeful (Jones & Myhill, 2004b).The gender gap; as a result, keeps widening. In the present day society the crisis of masculinity in the education setting is also evident. As seen in the research conducted by Whitmire &Â  Bailey (2010), the performance of the boys has greatly been hampered by the construction of masculinity that has led to the school environment being too harsh for them. The boys then find it difficult to live up to the expectations of the school authorities. So as to reverse the situation, Gibson & Martinez’s (2003) work relates to recommendation that the boys may be taught that they can use their masculinity to compete with the girls

Diurnal Rhythm of Cortisol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Diurnal Rhythm of Cortisol - Essay Example The most reliable way of measuring the amount of cortisol is a technique known as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There are three forms of ELISA namely competitive ELISA, sandwich and indirect ELISA. Competitive ELISA is the most dependable way of measuring salivary cortisol because it allows for the detection of active cortisol that can compete with labeled cortisol. In this assay, an antibody specific to the antigen being tested is immobilized on a well or a microtitre plate. A mixture containing a known concentration of the labeled antigen and the test sample is then added to the well. The labeled antigen and unlabeled antigen compete for the binding site on the immobilized antibody. Any unbound antigen is washed after which a substrate is added. The substrate reacts with the enzyme to form a colored substance that is then detected and the intensity of the color is measured using an ELISA reader. The intensity of the color is indirectly related to the concentration of t he antigen in the test sample. Competitive ELISA was used to determine the quantity of cortisol in the salivary samples. The wells were coated with anti-cortisol antibody at a certain concentration such that a given quantity of antigen bound to the antibodies. A mixture of a known amount of cortisol antigen labeled with peroxidase and the patient’s saliva was then added to the well. The labeled antigen competed with the unlabelled antigen to bind to the immobilized anti-cortisol antibodies in the well.

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management Essay

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management - Essay Example They communicate this to others and develop strategies for achieving the vision. They also motivate workers and negotiate for resources and other supports aimed at achieving the organization’s goals. Managers on the other hand ensure that the organization’s resources are well organized and utilized to produce the best results (Cherie and Gebrekidan, 2005). However, due to dynamic nature of the world in which managers operates, they also need to be leaders. In health care delivery, it is common for nursing leaders and managers to apply different approaches in solving issues that affect the the health care facility. A case in point has been witnessed with regard to their approach to nursing shortage and turn-over. Carlton and the University of Colorado (2009) note that shortage of nurses is a significant crisis that impacts on the delivery of quality healthcare services. It is, therefore, very important for the nursing leaders and managers to understand the causes for the m to be able to tackle the issue. The major factors that have been singled out as the major contributors of nursing shortage include demand and supply issues such as job dissatisfaction, burnouts, and other challenges within the working environment (Carlton and University of Colorado at Denver, 2001). ... in this case entails, improving working condition and welfare of workers, improving salaries and other benefits that are competitive to instill satisfaction and motivate them. Another strategy used is carrying out recruitment immediately a shortage is realized (Cherie and Gebrekidan, 2005). 2. Compare and contrast how you would expect nursing leaders and managers to approach your selected issue. Support your rationale by using the theories, principles, skills, and roles of the leader versus manager described in your readings. Just as Carlton and the University of Colorado (2009) note, a good leader should have a sense of mission, must be decisive; charismatic and able to rally people to work together toward the achievement of a common goal. A leader must also be creative to be able to solve organizational problems and build a conducive working environment that produces satisfaction. A manager on the other hand must ensure that the institutional resources are well organized and utiliz ed towards achievement of best results (Carlton and University of Colorado at Denver, 2009). This implies that a manager ensures that things get done. With regard to the issue of nursing shortage and turn-over, I would expect the nursing leaders and managers to first address the issues that trigger nursing shortage and turn-over, especially those within their management control. This is due to my philosophy which is employee-based. This is a better strategy in my opinion and contrast with approaches of reorganization and restructuring used by some leaders and managers. This is because I believe that reorganization and restructuring alone may not motivate employees, a factor that has been identified as the major contributor of turn-over in thw nursing profession. Carlton and the University

Shifting expectations for budget hotels Literature review

Shifting expectations for budget hotels - Literature review Example Budget hotels are the cost effective hotels that are available to the customers at any part of the world. Compared to the luxury hotels the budget hotels have greater industry competition as they have larger customer base. In this paper the researcher has tried to analyze the current scale of Brighton budget hotel business. The researcher with the help of primary research has tried to find out what are the expectations of the Brighton budget hotel consumers and thus in turn tried to find out the shift of customer’s expectations. The objective of the research is to find out the customers’ expectations from the service industry. For this purpose the difference between budget hotel and non-budget hotel has been analyzed along with the analysis of current scale of Brighton budget hotel business has also been analyzed. Through a primary research the researcher has tried to analyze the shifting expectations of the customers from the budget hotels. The customer expectations in the service industry change more frequently than any other industry. It is tough to keep track of the customer expectations in the service industry than an industry where the main product is goods offering (Hseih et al., n.d., p.4-7). In an industry where the customers only perceive the delivered goods, their expectations don’t change as frequently as it changes in the case of the service industry (Infosys, 2009, p.5-7). There are different kinds of expectations that the customer has from the service industry like the predicted service, adequate service and the desired service. The predicted service is one that the customers expect from the company, that is, the minimum basic services which the company should offer to its customers. The adequate service is the level of service that the company should offer to the customers to meet their needs. . The desired level of service is

The global automobile industry - an analysis of General Motors Case Study

The global automobile industry - an analysis of General Motors - Case Study Example General Motors has survived major economic whirlwinds that have rocked the United States and the global automobile industry. However, the company has had its fair share of challenges, some of which have threatened is very existence. Despite the good financial statistics that General Motors Corporation has posted over the years, it is worth noting that the company has faced a number of challenges, considering the dynamic nature of the automobile industry (Fear, 2004). However, the company has not attained its optimal performance because of two separate incidents of bankruptcy claims. In addition, General Motors has had to repossess most of its cars in the United States after widespread claims of faulty ignition systems. Both of these factors have affected the financial performance of GMC tremendously. Besides, General Motors faces stiff competition from a number of automobile companies with huge market shares in the United States. General Motors survived bankruptcy in 2009 after receiving help from the federal government. In essence, General Motors was on the verge of collapsing because it had closed Saturn, Hummer, and Pontiac brands. This move came at a time when General Motors had already closed its Saab brand, which was a Swedish brand. GM’s shareholders felt the hitch because they could not access the assets of the firm in some countries, especially in Europe and Asia. General Motors had a new positive twist in 2010 because it reverted to its old symbol on the New York Stock Exchange (Smolinsky, 2011). During the same year, GM traded its shares in the Toronto Stock Exchange. The company performed well throughout the year at the New York Stock Exchange after an initial public offering (IPO) of $23 billion at $33per share. The filing of bankruptcy by General Motors took the country a step back by a total of $ billion that was used to bail out the company. Indeed, GM’s bankruptcy affected the U.S. economy in a negative way because the

Shifting expectations for budget hotels Literature review

Shifting expectations for budget hotels - Literature review Example Budget hotels are the cost effective hotels that are available to the customers at any part of the world. Compared to the luxury hotels the budget hotels have greater industry competition as they have larger customer base. In this paper the researcher has tried to analyze the current scale of Brighton budget hotel business. The researcher with the help of primary research has tried to find out what are the expectations of the Brighton budget hotel consumers and thus in turn tried to find out the shift of customer’s expectations. The objective of the research is to find out the customers’ expectations from the service industry. For this purpose the difference between budget hotel and non-budget hotel has been analyzed along with the analysis of current scale of Brighton budget hotel business has also been analyzed. Through a primary research the researcher has tried to analyze the shifting expectations of the customers from the budget hotels. The customer expectations in the service industry change more frequently than any other industry. It is tough to keep track of the customer expectations in the service industry than an industry where the main product is goods offering (Hseih et al., n.d., p.4-7). In an industry where the customers only perceive the delivered goods, their expectations don’t change as frequently as it changes in the case of the service industry (Infosys, 2009, p.5-7). There are different kinds of expectations that the customer has from the service industry like the predicted service, adequate service and the desired service. The predicted service is one that the customers expect from the company, that is, the minimum basic services which the company should offer to its customers. The adequate service is the level of service that the company should offer to the customers to meet their needs. . The desired level of service is

Environmental Ethical Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Ethical Issues - Essay Example â€Å"Environmental ethics is a new sub-discipline of philosophy that deals with the ethical problems surrounding environmental protection.† (Yang, 2006). Environmental ethics calls for attempts on the part of humans to ensure the provision of safe and healthy environment not only for their own generations but also for all the animals and plants on Earth. Environmental issues have not been adequately addressed in the past, given the lack of general awareness and a curiosity to achieve more. We have largely relied on fossil fuels as the fundamental source of energy to fulfill our domestic and industrial needs and have unintentionally caused irreparable damage to the environment through the emission of toxic gases into the air as a result of burning of the fossil fuels causing phenomenon like global warming. Birth of events like Earth Day in 1971 served to increase general awareness about global environmental pollution in masses all over the world which overtly expressed their concerns on the issue and their concerns were addressed in the form of first United Nations Environmental Conference which took place in Stockholm the following year. (Yang, 2006). This conference paved way for further measures that included but were not limited to the development of laws to ensure environmental safety on both national and international level in the years to follow. People began to realize the importance of environmental ethics particularly when philosophers published papers to address this issue. Three papers namely â€Å"Is there a need for a new, an environmental ethic?, Animal liberation and The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement† were published by â€Å"Richard Routley, Peter Singer and Arne Naess† respectively in 1973. These authors belonged to different countries and cultural backgrounds and their joint concern over the matter depicted the whole world’s curiosity to

Social Responsibility Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Social Responsibility Evaluation Essay Company Q is a small grocery store chain in a major metropolitan area. They have recently closed two stores due to high crime rate, and losing money. The store has started to provide health conscience and organic food to its customers by request. Local food banks have asked if the company would donate day-old products. The company has refused due to possible fraud and theft. The three areas that Company Q can improve are economic, philanthropic, and ethical. The first area that Company Q can improve regarding social responsibility is economic. If Company Q would open the option of donating items, they open themselves to more business. People are more willing to shop from stores who are willing to be a helpful part of society. Also by donating it may help reduce theft. If people have food available to them, then there is no need to steal. This helps the economy because stores won’t have to drive up prices to compensate for theft losses, therefore, keeping prices affordable. Also, if they are throwing product away then they should evaluate how much they are ordering. If they are throwing lot of product away then they are not making much profit. They need to reduce the quantity ordered. The second area that Company Q can improve regarding social responsibility is philanthropic. By donating day-old products, they are giving back to the community. They’re going to lose money on those products they donate just the same as if they threw it away. However, people who cannot afford to buy groceries will benefit. This will create a positive image for Company Q in the community. The third area Company Q can improve regarding social responsibility is ethical. They need to build a positive image and have a positive impact on stakeholders and consumers. The stakeholders are like consumers, they don’t want to be part of something that is negative. They will begin to pull out and money will not be there to keep Company Q in business. The more positive impact they have on stakeholders and consumers, the better chances of survival of the company. The three areas Company Q should improve related to social responsibility are economic, philanthropic, and ethical. It is important for company Q to make the changes in these areas, for they will stay in business longer. They will also have a better reputation with stakeholders, consumers and the community. With a positive reputation comes more business. More business means better financial status. Even the employees will feel better knowing they are a part of a helpful company, a boost in employee morale. These are all changes for the good of Company Q.

Global financial crisis impact on Egypt

Global financial crisis impact on Egypt The world economy is currently going through a serious financial disturbance that sparked off in the United States and has spread to Europe and the rest of the world. The crisis has already led to the collapse of powerful banks and firms as well as to recession in several countries, some consider such consequences as just the tip of the iceberg and that the worst is yet to come. This paper aims to study the current global financial crisis and its impact on Egypt. To do so, it first presents an overview of the causes and consequences of the current instability, followed by an assessment of the depth of the crisis and its implications on the Egyptian economy, the paper highlights the actions taken by the Egyptian government to cope with the effects of the crisis on the Egyptian economy. Outline Introduction Literature Review The Nature of The Financial Crisis The starting of the financial crisis Spreading of financial crisis Effect of The Crisis The effect on USA The effect on Europe The Effect on Asia The policies taken to overcome the financial crisis in different countries In USA In Europe In Asia The impact on the Egyptian economy When did the crisis started to effect the Egyptian economy and which sector started first Financial sector Balance of payment State budget The polices undertaken to overcome the financial crisis in Egypt Increase the government expenditure Decrease custom duties and tariffs Decrease taxes affecting investment Increase expenditure on public good Encourage Egyptian entrepreneurs Conclusion References Introduction: On the border of bankruptcy many giant investment banks and insurance companies around the globe are losing severely to the stock markets till there was no more liquid money available to finance business activities all due to the Financial Crisis, which is the most grave since the Great Depression in the 1930s. In 2008-2009, much of the industrialized world entered into a deep recession due to a financial crisis that had its origin in unprofessional lending practices involving the origination and distribution of mortgage debt in USA. Egypt was not far from this crisis, during the second half of 2008, the financial crises effects start to appear in the Egyptian economy in many fields. This global financial crisis led to slowdown the Egyptian economy due to the global economic recession; Economists expected a decline in the GDP growth rate during 2009, also trade will be affected badly. Due to the globalization; Egyptian stock market was affected by the decrease in price per share of the companies that participate in the Egyptian stock market, which affected the investors badly because of huge transactions of selling the shares by the foreign share holder The Egyptian economists expected a decrease GDP, which lead to problem in financing of some projects. Due to the balance of payment deficit, the Government initiated broadcast tranquility in the hearts of investors, to clarify the steps of successful growth within the economic reform program in previous years. All this factors lead to some expectations; first a sharp decrease in Egyptian exports, foreign investments, Suez Canal and Tourism revenues. The Egyptian government has taken some steps to face this crisis on the Egyptian economy, such as increasing the government expenditure by 15 billion LE, especially for financing new infrastructure projects. The Government also decreased the taxes and trade barriers to motivate local and foreign investors to invest in Egypt. But what are the causes of this crisis? And when did it really start? What actions taken to withstand this crisis? How is it going to affect developing countries? We will try to clarify these issues in a simplified manner, by concentrating on Egypt as a developing country. The global financial crisis Economists started to anticipate a vigorous financial crisis that would strike the American economy during Ronald Regan presidency, who could be known as one of the prophets and defenders of capitalism, in which he avoided using the methods proposed by the Keynesian school of thought, replacing them with Von Hayeks free market mechanism, by leaving everything to the market with minimum government intervention, and by saying everything we also include the banking sector, that had been imposed to intense forms of deregulation. (Foley, 2007) Regans regime could be considered as the early development of this financial bubble that is erupting right now, after George W. Bush has accelerated it by promising his voters that he will fulfill the American Dream of owning a house, so he gave credit unions, investment banks, and other financial institutions the absolute freedom to give out loans at high rates, these loans had various names such as credit default swaps and subprime mortgages. (Lendman) Subprime mortgages are new instruments in the financial sector that are manifested to make home ownership chances available to borrowers in the US, not following the traditional rules and regulations investment banks gave those subprime loans, that could also be known as Ninja loans, to borrowers that have; low incomes, no assets, no constant job, limited disposable incomes, and bad credit history. These subprime mortgages are not only considered risky because of the borrowers but also because they are set out on variable interest rates, which will make the monthly payments, paid by the borrowers to vary in monthly basis making it impossible for them to continue on paying their installments. (BLACKBURN) Financial institutions were giving the credit of these subprime mortgages assuming that property prices shall not stop appreciating in its value. Putting in mind that some borrowers could fail to pay, the banks believed that generally the market would be in its favor. As the prices of housing market started to cool down, leaving the banks with greatly undervalued assets, due to the rising rates of the money market. The banks that issued these subprime mortgages initially, did not actually record them on their balance sheets, instead they packaged them with prime mortgages and a spectrum of other assets, into a mortgage baked security MBS, to be traded in the market. The setback was that assets with dissimilar risk profiles were sold together and on the other hand received an AAA grading, making them appealing to global investors especially Europeans, causing the crisis to spread out internationally. (BLACKBURN) And when these subprime borrowers were no more able to repay their mortgages, the issuing institution needed to finance the foreclosure with their own money, bringing the asset back on the balance sheet. This left many banks in a financially unviable situation, in a rather short, unmanageable timeframe. And, the fact that nobody knew how much more of those MBS would return on their balance sheets, banks effectively stopped lending to each other, drying up liquidity substantially, both in the US and in Europe. (McGirr, 2008) The United States GDP decreased at an annual rate of approximately 6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, versus activity in the year ago periods. The U.S. unemployment rate increased to 10.2% by October 2009, the highest rate since 1983 and roughly twice the pre crisis rate. The average hours per work week declined to 33, the lowest level since the government began collecting the data in 1964. (Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Corporate Profits) The European Union GDP decreased by 2.1% from the years 2007 to 2008, which in 2008 the GDP reached 0.9 %, the unemployment rate has increased from 7.2% to 8.5 % in the years from 2007 to 2009, the exports have increased from 1.33 trillion to 1.95 trillion dollars, and the imports have increased from 1.46 trillion to 1.69 trillion dollars, the inflation rate have increased from 1.8% to 3% from 2006 to 2008. (book) Asias GDP decreased by 0.9% from the years 2008 to 2009, which in 2008 the GDP reached 7.6%, the unemployment rate has increased from 7.4%to 7.7%in the years from 2008 to 2009, and the exports have decreased from 49% to 35% of the GDP from the year 2007 to 2008, the imports have decreased from 40 % to 29% of the GDP from the year 2007 to 2008, the inflation rate have increased from 6% to 7.9% from the year 2007 to 2008. (Economics and Statistics) Policy responses: in USA To stabilize the financial system, more regulations from the central bank and control on banks, banks Competition should be eliminated like decrease interest rates to increase investment, decrease taxes, to increase investment and productivity and Increase government spending to increase aggregate demand, to increase production, to decrease unemployment. The Federal Reserves decreased the fed funds rates after January 1st in 2008. (Late 2000s recession) President George bush proposed to the government to purchase up to $700 billion troubled mortgage-related assets from financial firms in hopes of improving confidence. The first half of the money was used to buy preferred stick in banks instead of troubled mortgage assets. (Late 2000s recession) In January 2009, the American recovery and reinvestments act of 2009 signed by president Obama to provide a stimulus to the U.S. economy in the wake of the economic downturn.(Late 2000s recession) The act includes federal tax cuts, expansion of unemployment benefits and domestic spending in education, healthcare and infrastructure. Also, tax cuts led to increase in investment and decrease in unemployment (expansionary fiscal policy).(Late 2000s recession) The Federal Reserves facilitated lending to banks by lowering the discount rate to increase liquidity in banks. (Late 2000s recession) Part of an effort to increase dollar liquidity around the world the fed coordinated with other central banks to land simultaneously financial institutions (banks) with it cannot lend directly.(Late 2000s recession) Asia-pacific policy responses On September 15th 2008, china cuts its interest rates for the first time since 2002 and Government spending plan to invest $586 billion in infrastructure and social welfare by the end of 2010. (Late 2000s recession) The increase in investment will be in housing, rural infrastructure, health and education, environment, industry, tax cuts. Therefore unemployment will decrease and economic growth will increase and GDP will increase ( as its exports to Europe and USA decrease) so china decrease its interest rates to increase investment , to increase aggregate demand (Late 2000s recession) Indonesia reduced its discounts rate at which commercial banks can borrow funds for the central bank, on the other hand the reserve bank of Australia injected $1.5 billion dollars into the banking system, meanwhile the reserve bank of India injected almost 1.3 billion, and bank of Japan pumped $29.3 billion in the financial system on the 16th of September 2008. (Late 2000s recession) European policy responses: From September, the European commission proposed a 200 billion Euros stimulus plan to be implemented at the European level by the countries and each country got its plan to increase money supply and liquidity. (Late 2000s recession) The impact of the global financial crisis on the Egyptian economy During the last two decades Egypt has implemented an economic reform program (ERSAP); this program targets to stabilize the Egyptian economy and achieving a high gross rate. The implementation of this program increased the gross rate to reach 5.9% in 1999/2000 compared to 1.9% in 1991/1992. (Ramadan, 2009) Effects of The reform have started to appear strongly during the last five years, where the unemployment rate falls from 11.2 % in 2004/2005 to 8.4 % in 2007/2008. Also the foreign direct investment recorded 13.2 billion dollar which represent 81% of the GDP during 2007/2008 compared to 400 million dollar in 2003/2004 which represent 0.5% of the GDP. Egypt succeeded in implementing the right policies to achieve its target where the GDP in Egypt achieved a high growth rates during the last period amounted to 6.8%, 7.1% and 7.2% during the years 2005/2006, 2006/2007, 2007/2008. (Ramadan, 2009) But during the second half of 2008, the financial crises effects started to appear in the Egyptian economy in many fields. This global financial crisis led to slowdown the Egyptian economy due to the global economic recession; Economists expected a decline in the GDP growth rate during 2009 to reach 4%. Also trade will be affected badly since 75% of Egyptian GDP is from trade divided as follows; about 32% of our exports go to the United States and 32.5% of imports come from United States and the European Union. Economists also expected a sharp decrease in foreign investment, where the two thirds of foreign investment in Egypt during the past two years were from America and Europe. (Abouhbaishe, 2008) Ministry of Economic Development expects that the net losses resulting from the crisis will be more than 4 billion dollars during 2008/2009. While the most affected sectors will be the industrial sector. Due to the decrease in demand on the products, factories will reduce their production, which reduces the purchasing power of the per capita, leading to stagnation in the market. (Abouhbaishe, 2008) Egyptian budget will be affected negatively due to several reasons during 2009. First the oil balance will decrease by one billion dollars because the oil prices fell from $ 147 per barrel to 39.5 dollars per barrel, second reason is the sharp decrease in remittances from Egyptians abroad by $ 600 million and the third reason is the decline in tourism revenues by more than 2 billion dollars, which negatively affected all economic activities associated with tourism (Construction Furniture food industries etc). (Abouhbaishe, 2008) The impact of financial crisis on the Egyptian banking system is limited for several reasons; The integration of the Egyptian financial sector in the global financial system is still limited and the Egyptian banking system did not strongly integrated into the global system. Also the central bank adopted the Egyptian plan for reforming the banking system during the period 2004-2008, which encouraged mergers to create strong banking entities. The controls established by the central bank of Egypt for crediting and lending value to ensure liquidity. Also the Banks investments in securities and in mortgage finance were limited, by a percentage not exceeding 5% of the total loan portfolio of the bank. (Abouhbaishe, 2008) The Egyptian government has taken some steps to face this crisis on the Egyptian economy, such as increasing the government expenditure by 15 billion LE, especially for financing new infrastructure projects. The Government also decreased the taxes and trade barriers to motivate local and foreign investors to invest in Egypt. The central bank adopted some polices, which is strengthening of bank supervision, restructuring, and a cleanup of nonperforming loans to protect the financial system in Egypt. Although actions taken by the government to absorb the crises did not show any results, but this was the best way to take for a small developing country like Egypt. Finally Egypt still has some big economic problems that will continue to suffer from in the next several years. (Ramadan, 2009)

How Shakespeare Makes Othello 3.3.435 - 480 Significant :: William Shakespeare

Shakespeare makes this scene significant and dramatically effective through dramatic irony and by using two very different, charismatic figures. In this extract, Othello has a dramatic change of character. No longer serene, he is cast into a state of madness and confusion. He is tormented by jealousy and disbelief. He feels betrayed. However, he is not yet convinced of his wife’s treachery. He looks at her and cannot believe that she might commit such a crime. As she enters, he says, ‘If she be false, then heaven mocks itself, I’ll not believe it.’ Later, provoked by Iago’s words, he proclaims, ‘I’ll tear her all to pieces.’ As Iago shows him ‘damning evidence’ of Desdemona’s adultery, Othello cannot help but believe him. Why would his trusted subordinate lie? It is interesting to note that, although Othello demands ‘ocular proof’ that Desdemona is false, Iago does not provide it, merely telling him how he saw Cassio wiping his beard on her handkerchief. Othello grows increasingly violent and aggressive. His well cultured European manner deteriorates rapidly. His speech is filled with abuse and curses. In many theatrical productions, Othello is seen to become much more of the Moor that he is stereotyped to be. He wears African style garments and is seen to become less Christian. Perhaps Shakespeare is insinuating that Othello has lost hope in Christianity, feels betrayed by the Europeans whose taunts he so long withstood, and feels the need to become exactly that which he was accused of being. There is huge dramatic irony through out the scene. The audience sees Othello falling through the trap laid out for him, but can only watch. It is very frustrating. The more Iago deceives him, the more Othello lays his trust on him. He addresses him as ‘faithful Iago.’ The seen is ended by Iago’s words, ‘I am your own forever.’ This is deeply ironic, as he is no longer really inferior to Othello. As Othello goes mad, the hierarchy reverses. Iago is the one holding all the strings, manipulating him like a puppet. Othello, blind to the deception, effectively lays himself at Iago’s feet and at his discretion. Iago’s reaction is of great importance. The audience cannot see his true thoughts, but only the mask that he uses on the outside. One can guess that he would feel a certain degree of smugness at his success. However, he may too, like Othello, be experiencing inner turmoil. It is possible that he feels guilt and regret for his actions.

Martin Luther King Jr. Essay

Two of his accomplishments were the Montgomery Bus Boycott which ended racial segregation starting with Rosa Parks being arrested for not giving up her seat on the bus which was illegal due to racial segregation laws. Qualities that made him a great leader was that he had the ability to shape a vision that was compelling enough to make others believe in it and participate in it. He had a strong system of values and morals. He was also courageous, decisive, bold, and strong. The path that led him to being a great leader started when he became a pastor. Afterward he became a civil rights activist, a humanitarian, and was involved in the African-american civil rights movement. Qualities of Martin Luther King Jr that I would want to emulate would be having the courage to stand up for what I believe even if it meant being hated by many people. Ultimately he was courageous enough to die for what he believed and I would hope to want to do the same if I truly believed in something that much. A world leader that I think was bad for their followers is Fidel Castro. Qualities that made him a bad leader was that he was power hungry and did whatever he wanted to retain that power even if included suppressing his own people through violence. He exerted power over others by using brutal punishment if people did not obey his every command. He used coercion in order to rule. He also used his position as president to withhold resources from his people. His leadership skills that contributed to bad results were using brute force  and severe punishment to gain control over his people. He would use firing squads to prove his severity when punishing those who stood up to him. References Fidel Castro’s greatest atrocities and crimes – Introduction | Babalà º Blog. (2014, June 7). Retrieved January 26, 2015, from http://babalublog.com/fidel-castros-greatest-atrocities-and-crimes/ Martin Luther King Jr. (2015). The Biography.com website. Retrieved 05:43, Jan 25, 2015, from http://www.biography.com/people/martin-luther-king-jr-9365086.

Western Civilization

Western Civilization: Beginnings to Present Although Western culture has been defined by both Christian and secular values across the course of time, the West’s primary goal is to achieve economic supremacy, using Christian and secular philosophies, as well as colonization and technological innovation as means to achieve this goal. Of the features that define western culture, the most unique is democracy. Originating in ancient Athens, democracy created a sense of pride in one’s government which, in later centuries, would evolve into nationalism.In Athens, democracy allowed the people to have a say in their government, furthering the unification of their empire and thus strengthening it. Out of this democratic world came many of the world’s oldest philosophers, including Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates who challenged the world around them and attempted to rationalize it with mathematics and even proposed the idea of elements. It was this inquisitiveness and curios ity that would be harnessed on a much greater scale in the Enlightenment, which would allow Europe to flourish.As their Greek neighbors had before them, Rome too adopted a democracy in order to unite their people after a tyrant king Tarquinius and prevent placing the control of their nation into the hands of one man, which would eventually allow Rome to expand and connect with the trading routes of the silk roads. Even after the roman republic, Julius Caesar, as the first emperor of Rome, would do any means necessary to extend the borders of Rome as far as he could to obtain profit from war. This suggests that Romans were more concerned of the profits to be made by the war than the democratic beliefs that defined their government.The romans were also tolerant of many religions as long as they paid taxes for keeping their religions suggesting that money and riches was more important to them than having everyone follow one religion. This was certainly true as Christians emerged in Rom e, upsetting the local Jewish population who paid taxes to the state, giving them leverage towards the Roman politics to persecute them. This however ended as Emperor Constantine adopted Christianity in the fourth century A. D. As emperor Constantine saw that it would be more beneficial to stop persecuting the Christians and accept them to avoid another civil war, he ecame a Christian. This was only the start as Christianity spread throughout the European continent and Emperor Theodosius established it as the official religion of Rome in 380. This proved especially beneficial for the empire as it allowed Rome to be governed during its greatest extent. When Rome official fell in 476 to the barbaric tribes of the Germanic region, Christianity was the uniting factor as the chaos of local groups sought to hold power. Out of this developed a complex feudal system comprised of lords, vassals, and serfs along with the power and wealth of the Catholic Church.The Catholic Church demanded eno rmous amounts of money from the people as they sought redemption in times stricken with the Black Death and famine thus allowing the monasteries to emerge as the source of riches and the Church as the largest landholder in all of Europe. As the Church’s power grew towards the first millennia, and had sucked the wealth from nearly all of its local citizens, they desired to find the holy land. Despite the first commandment of â€Å"thou shall not murder† and the Christian idea of â€Å"turn the other cheek,† the Crusades were some of the bloodiest battles in European history.These crusades, although against Christian ideals, provided a vast amount of wealth for Europe and reconnected them to both their Greco-Roman history and the Silk Road trading network, furnishing them with a vast source of economic profit. As the Catholic Church continued down this path of non-Christian ideas including penance, a devote monk by the name of Luther sought to put the church back onto the path of Christ. This however was not favorable for the Church’s income and they eventually excommunicated Luther from their church.Luther was not about to give up however and his ideas spread quickly with the development of the printing press shortly before, weakening the Catholic Church’s grip on the citizens. This combined with the reunification of Europe and their Roman history, led the people of Europe to a more questioning mindset, further weakening the Church, and eventually leading them to the enlightenment. The enlightenment is the period in western history from the early 1600s through the 1700s as the medieval church worldview’s stepped aside for revolutions in science, politics and philosophy. The Enlightenment was a ime when the opinions and ideas of the Church, which were formally in charge of both the economy and the government of Europe, were challenged through a more secular point of view brought about by the scientific revolution and int egration of foreign cultures by the age of exploration. The secular beliefs of the enlightenment were more beneficial for European economic affairs in the High Middle Ages because, with the age of exploration underway, there was many foreign ideas entering Europe and having a more secular governmental and ideological system would be more accommodating and accepting of outside policy allowing for better trade.Also the enlightenment view was very in line with the discoveries of the scientific revolution allowing the inventing process to be spurred on. Some of the key inventions of the scientific revolution include the magnetic compass, lateen sails, and advanced map making technologies which allowed for the Spanish to cross the Atlantic Ocean and reach the Americas. The lateen sail and compass also allowed for better navigation to the Indian Ocean trading network, an essential source of wealth for the Europeans as they began their climb to economic supremacy.In 1492, once Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue was the beginning of a new era in the history of the world. His discovery marks the beginning of Colonization and imperialism as the Spanish and French began exporting tons and tons of silver from modern day South America and trading it to China for their silk, porcelain, and tea commodities. But silver was not the sole source of economic power received from the colonies, they were also great places to build plantations and thus the slave trade began.The trans-Atlantic Slave trade was when millions of Africans were ruthlessly taken from their homes and shipped to the Americas in horrid conditions. In general, the ruthlessness of the slave trade goes specifically against the Christian values of â€Å"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you,† and other teachings of Christianity which shows how the economic benefits that came through the slave trade was enough for them to ignore the defining factor of European culture for the past five hu ndred years to make some coin.This overlooking of Christian values was popular throughout the people and as Frederick Nietzsche said â€Å"God is dead† signified the end of the Church’s power in Europe as it became replaced with monetary lust. As Europeans spread across the globe and began forcing their way into the Asian countries it became a vital part of Indian Ocean commerce and as they established ports and colonies in India, China, and Japan they began to bring with them an idea of imperialism. Europeans came about this idea as they became an economic power nearly overnight in world commerce and they were also able to coerce ideas onto older, existing civilizations.In Europe, nationalism drove many young explorers to go on expeditions for buried treasure and biblical references like the Ark of the Covenant or the Garden of Eden. Imperialism, or the overseas extension of nationalism, led many European explorers to believe, despite the Christian belief of acceptanc e of every race, that they were better than anyone and everyone else especially as they became the civilization that defined success and advancement in the world. This overextension of nationalism would end up bad however for the Europeans as it would cause cultural blinders and then revolutions as was the case of the Sepoy Rebellion.Imperialism would prove very beneficial for the Europeans Economy as it encouraged individuals to charge more for products because nationalistic view said that â€Å"European gold was worth more than Foreign gold,† making individuals demand more for their products. Also Imperialism encouraged the establishment of many colonies throughout Asia and the Philippines giving them massive amounts of silver, making them economically superior. Back in Europe however, rises in nationalism led to competition between the European states and the division of Europe into two major groups of alliances. Western Civilization Sometimes, it is very easy to read books about the lives of the real people who were able to overcome the crux in their own lives. The harder their challenges and difficulties were, the more entertaining it will be for the readers. We tend to be impressed with people who were able to write an account of their between life and death experiences and how they almost die. However, we have the tendency to forget how hard it might be for them to write down their own story of bitterness and much worse if their tragic experience was simply the beginning of a worse condition. The two authors in the books that are going to be analyzed and compared in this paper had the courage to relate their own experiences and humiliation as a Jew during World War II for the world to witness and remember the brutality of the War. They both endured the pain as they recall the torture they had been through and put them in writing. They narrated how tranquil and promising their lives were before the World War in the abode with their families. However, the war had ripped them with everything that could have included themselves. They were traumatized by massive and brutal deaths of people, their loved ones included. The two authors were the protagonists of their books. It was based on their first hand experiences during the war. If we are going to analyze the two books, we would have an idea how brutal the Nazi’s were and how tragic the Holocaust was. The first book was a narration of the true experiences in the Holocaust in the perspective of a Transylvanian son as he witnessed the brutal death of his family members and how it gained an impact in his faith and his life. On the other hand, the other book described the same event on the perspective of a Czech daughter who lost her family and lucky enough to be able to escape and return to her hometown in Prague. The only thing was her escape in that war did not spare her. It simply opened the door that led her to another war and another torture she had to bear (Kovaly). If we are going to compare accounts of two authors, we first need to consider the background of each author. We have to identify the compelling forces in their lives that gave a blend in their works. The first book was titled â€Å"Night†, which was written by the author Elie Wiesel. He began his story by describing his town in Sighet, his family and himself in the year 1942 when he was only twelve years old. He had three sisters and his dad was a shopkeeper and a venerated Jewish leader. Their family was deeply religious; as a matter of fact, Elie was enthusiastic in learning the dogma of their religion. He wanted to learn more and he had a very deep faith in God (Wiesel). However, this changed when the Germans arrived and captured their land in 1944. Despite the early warning of a person who survived and witnessed the maltreatment that the Jews suffered in Poland, his townsmen did not heed. Rather, they simply made fun of him. It was year 1944 when they regret not to take proper consideration of the admonition given by the old man. The Germans invaded their land and moved all the Jews out of Sighet to concentration camps in Auschwitz. The Germans were cordial at first but suddenly issued a decree that they should be impounded and transported into ghettos and concentration camps. They had no idea on what would happen next. It would have been a blessing if they would be killed immediately to spare them from torture and misery. However, it was an ardent intention of the Nazi’s to impose agonies to these religious people as imposed by the leader, Adolf Hitler. They were treated like animals as they were being transported to the concentration camps. When they reached the reception center, Elie was permanently separated with her mom and sister since they were directed to the gas chamber. He was left only with his father. Inside the camp, they were forced to witness how the innocent babies where ruthlessly burned and thousands of people crying in despair. It was his first night in the camp but it made an indelible mark on Elie’s heart. It was the night that he doubted God’s reverence. That night, he thought that his God also died. It was the night that dissolved his optimism and enthusiasm for life. At a very young age, Elie witnessed the cruelty of life and that he is just a tiny speck of worthless being who had to fight hunger, oppression and injuries in order to survive. He was once a very religious student whose life at that time depended on the whims of the Nazi’s. His virtues changed. His idea of retaliation against anybody who would threaten to hurt his family changed and turned into his despair to live. His concern changed as he suffered blows and fought to live. His main concern that was previously focused on God deviated to anything that could fill his stomach. In the camp, they were identified not with their name but with their number to signify perhaps that their lives do not matter, they are just mere numbers. He did not look up at his father as a blessing because they are still alive but a curse, a burden that might cause him his life. The hard work and inhuman conditions made him deny God (Wiesel). Their transfer to another camp in Buna served another challenge to Elie. He had changed. His god had already died and hanged in the gallows. He was beaten and his pain no longer mattered. Days and nights do not have any difference nor death and life. It was this transfer that he realized his father’s worth because the latter was separated from him. They had to work hard in order to live. This was the last camp they had been before they started the most painful march. It was the march that separated Elie permanently from his father. It was the march that forced a son to leave his loving father. It was the march that deprived them of food and water and were even mocked by the guards A lot of prisoner killed even their own kin just for a morsel of bread. Out of the hundred prisoners who marched, only a dozen survived and reached Buchenwald where his father finally died of dysentery and sever beating from the officer and other prisoner. It was the climax of Elie’s senses. It was weeks before the aids arrived and he could be finally branded as Holocaust Survivor. This was the end of the World War II and the end of this book. However, this period was only the beginning of the other book (Wiesel). The other book, â€Å"Under the Cruel Star: A life in Prague 1941-1968†, the author narrated her life as a Jew in the Lodz camp. Her name was Heda Margolius Kovaly. Albeit they were in a different country and ghettos, their religious faith brought them into similar fate in the ghettos. Heda and her family were sent to Lodz ghetto. She was also separated from her family and needed to bear the abomination of the soldier’s in the camp. She was of the same age as Elie at that time, still an adolescent, supposedly innocent to the atrocities of the world. Like Elie, she witnessed massive deaths, injustices and forced labor. When the Russian troops approached, they were also forced to march. Unlike Elie, Kovaly was very fortunate to have a chance to escape and return to her homeland in Prague. However, much to Heda’s dismay, this was not the end of her torment; rather, it was just the advent. The citizens of Prague were scared and refused to provide help, simply because they are Jews. Even her relatives and non –Jew friends were apathetic towards her condition because they, too, were afraid to suffer the beatings from a Nazi. The war was coming to an end and she was already in Prague, her home town. Supposedly it should serve as a citadel for her to soothe at last the pains that she suffered during the war. Unfortunately, it was not (Kovaly). However, one good thing that happened to Heda after this war was a birth of hope that finally a gush of tranquil wind will finally blow over her. She was able to reunite and later marry her sweetheart Rudolph Margolius. Like Heda, he also survived the concentration camps and the war itself. He was a very virtuous man with a lot of ideas about his country and Prague in particular. He supported reform and believed that the principles of the Nazi were the exact opposite of Communism so he supported the principles of Communism and thought that it would be effective government systems that will help his countrymen develop after the ravages of the war. He was able to get a good job in the government as the Communist government rose into power. However, this actually marred the supposedly happy ending of the couple. This job actually took his life when he was accused of conniving with an enemy of the Communist government. It was the system that he supported that accused him of being a traitor. Everything would have been perfect if the Communist party had not risen into power and condemned her husband and separated him from her forever. Things were made worse because they had a son, Ivan Margolius, who was growing up at that time. Heda was forced to make a living to support her son. However, the incident deprived her and her son the right to live a normal life. Since her husband was an enemy of the Communist State, she was deprived of the privileges to get a decent job to raise her son nor was she allowed to be helped by others without suffering the consequences from the Communist government. No matter how her friends in Prague would have wanted to help her and her son, they were scared of the repercussions just like when the Nazi’s were still in their land. They were forced to live life in poverty. They were treated like lepers that were needed to be isolated. Despite all this social persecution, she fell in love again and remarried Pavel Kovaly. However, it seems that she was born with so much bad luck that whoever would lend a hand to help her would also suffer failure. Because of what happened, her new husband, who had a very promising career ended up having a bad reputation just because of his affiliation with Heda. In the book, Heda’s miseries and continuous struggle lasted for more than twenty years. When the social had gone worst, she was able to escape again and finally live peacefully in the United States. That was the end of her book and the end of the war in her life. This book was dedicated to her son who was clueless with the persecution of his father and the agony of her mother (Kovaly). These two books actually presented the two victims and survivors of war in different perspectives. They both believed in the same God and the same doctrine. It was the same religion that led them to concentration camps. They both had the ardent desire to overcome whatever challenges that would come their way. One magnified and illustrated the turmoil inside the concentration camp and the genocide of the Jews, while the other placidly illustrated her agonies during the war when she lost her family and yet survived just to face another war that took her beloved away from her. They were all torn by the war. They were all innocent victims of abusive government and capricious rulers. The titles of these two books were quite similar in a sense that they all compare their experiences with darkness. The first one was even titled â€Å"Night† (Wiesel), to describe that one long night of unbearable nightmare that altered his life forever; while the other one denotes the cruelty of the stars that deprived her of any light to guide for more than twenty years of her life in Czechoslovakia. It was a saga of continuous struggle for better life but their struggle simply ended up into another saga filled with tears and bitterness. The courage of these two authors to share their tragic and humiliating experiences to reveal the truth about the grim of the war was so remarkable. It is not easy to share how tragic one’s life was, but these two authors made the difference in bringing the truth about what happened during those times. If there is one thing that their books reflected, that would be their determination to overcome whatever obstacle that would come their way. They did not resolve to self-pity. They struggled to move on even if they do not know what the future brings. They did not stop when they lost their loved ones. Instead, they continued and embraced life no matter how difficult it may seem. Their books reflected tragedies and misfortunes in one’s life are not enough reason to give up. No matter how heavy our burden in life could be, still, life must go on. Western Civilization (1) It has always been the power struggle that led people to revolt. Developments in agriculture were not enough to feed the whole French nation, especially in the cities, because the poor has always sufferred. Despite the advancement in agriculture and the use of modern agricultural techniques and â€Å"expected† increase in food supply, the prices of the food was still going up. Why? Because it was only â€Å"more food—rather than a fairer distribution† (Brown, 2003, p. 24) which means the peasants has still to push their luck to survive in the cruel world. Thus, peasant unrest in 1789 eventually came into view with so much oppression of the poor. To end constant riots and demonstrations, the politics during that time believed that the poor can be set aside disallowing them to cast their votes and making them cultivate food produce for the wealthy. Even the constitution that time discriminates poor by putting so much emphasis on individual private property ownership â€Å"at the expense of any right of the poor to subsistence† (Brown, 2003, p. 24). The unrest in 1789 was an incident where agriculture played a major role. Without farmers' efforts to provide food in the urban areas, or if the crop these farmers tilled produce a bad harvest, the effects were simply devastating: skyrocketing food prices, unemployment, and chaos. (2) There was so much developments in the eighteenth century Europe leading to acquisitions of various colonies by different European nations. Not counting prior developments, even the 15th and 16th century Rennaissance and Reformation, this 18th century alone has been a remarkable era. Who could imagine Napoleon defeated? And it happened in this period and â€Å"it begins and ends with the frustration of an attempt to dominate the Continent by its leading power, and between lie the events which brought about the French Revolution and its aftermath. â€Å"(Cowie, 1963, p. 1) Europeans' way of life during that period might be varied but they all have shared a long history together and similar longings and thus more often than not, imitate the good things that can be found in each other. For the Englishmen, they had freedom from having their passions done, especially the freedom to express and write and this was viewed as a favorable thing not only to themselves but to other nations in the continent. The same principles apply with the French chaateaux and its admirable tastes. And how about the Europeans' impositions to have colonies? These were obviously laid out in the Treaty of Utrecht and in the Treaty of Vienna. And when? Naturally, that was in the 18th Century Europe!

Adults Resistance to Change in the Workforce

Change has become an integral part of all organizations for bringing about innovation and creativity in their work procedures. Bringing about change is a complex process since change in one area affects the other area in the organization directly or indirectly.Change is extremely important if companies and businesses want to survive in the long-run. This is due to the changing needs of the organizations as well as the customers and due to changing internal and external environment. Today, there is an increasing trend towards the development of a learning organization where managers and employees are committed to bring about continuous improvement in the processes and capabilities.Such type of an organization can only be formed when everyone working in the company develops a positive attitude towards adapting change. Change might result in efforts to deal with existing problems or with the opportunities available in the external environment. Though change is important and should be in itiated in an organization but this does not mean that it can be easily implemented (Hultman, 1998).Planning ChangeInitiation and implementation of change requires proper planning and this planned process should be used to carry out change. If proper planning is not done then the change can fail and the employees’ fear and uncertainty related to it might come true.If the change fails initially in the organization then it would be highly difficult for the employees to support change in the organization. Firstly, the organization must see a need for change and the forces triggering change may be from the internal as well as external environment.Internal factors may be related to the company goals and objectives or problems facing the organization whereas the external factors are largely related to the environment such as changing customer tastes or the changing strategies of the competitors (Harvard Business School Press, 2005).These factors make the organization realize the ne ed for change and then this must be studied properly. The organization should critically evaluate its strengths and weaknesses as well as threats and opportunities so that the right change could be initiated at the right time. After evaluating the need for change, the management should initiate change and this can be done through different ways.Initiating change requires the recruitment of new and creative employees and this is where the problem starts arising since the adult employees began to resist their recruitment. The management should search for proper solutions which can used to meet the perceived need for change. Search involves observing and analyzing different organizations and making use of knowledge to meet the need.Creative employees are hired to find the correct solution in order to establish a creative and learning organization. Creative individuals are important since they are open-minded, original and focused in their approach. They are persistent and committed and use teams to work for initiating change.These creative individuals generate innovative ideas and these individuals are called idea champions. They form new-venture teams for developing and initiating innovative changes in the organization. It is these idea champions and new-venture teams to which the adult employees offer resistance since they perceive them as a threat to their position.They think that their employment by the organization underestimates their capabilities and qualifications. Sometimes the employees’ resistance is so high that it is impossible to implement the change. For implementing change, this resistance must be overcome or else the process will not proceed further (Hultman, 1998).There are huge obstacles and problems to be dealt with when implementing change successfully in an organization. This is because employees offer resistance to change and this resistance can be attributed to several reasons: ·One of the reasons that employee resist change is th at by implementing the new strategy or innovative idea, it will take away something valuable from the employees.It might be the loss of power, position or any other pay benefit. An employee’s self-interest is the most important to him and this loss can become the biggest obstacle in the way of implementing change (Hultman, 1998). ·Another reason is that employees are unable to understand the purpose behind the change and therefore, they cannot trust the organizational move. If the employees have a negative attitude towards the change initiator then they will offer their full resistance to implementing his idea.They cannot trust his idea for change and might think that its implementation will bring something negative to them. Therefore, lack of understanding and mutual trust becomes another factor for resisting change in organizations (Harvard Business School Press, 2005). ·Employees are also afraid of implementing change due to the uncertainty factor associated with the c hange. They get worried about the consequences of change and thus, do not offer their support towards it. They might also be worried as the new technology or new procedure requires more talent and creativity which they might not be able to provide (Markham, 1999). ·Lastly, the goals of the employees may be different from the goals of the organization. They might not be able to assess the change from the organization point of view and therefore, they disagree over the benefits resulting from the change (Jellison, 1993).These are the main reasons why employees offer resistance to change in an organization. Once an organization has the need for change then it looks for possible solutions through which the need can be overcome. Change requires innovation and creativity in an organization without which an organization cannot progress and will stagger behind.For initiating innovative and creative ideas, the organization starts hiring creative individuals in different departments. There are idea champions and new-venture teams formed with creative individuals who see the need for change and initiate it productively. Now here is where the main problem rises and this will center our research paper.By hiring creative individuals to form new-venture teams for developing innovation the organization attempts to change the workforce of the organization.Before offering resistance to change itself, the employees especially the aging ones offer their first resistance to change in the workforce. The research paper will focus the discussion on this issue of adult’s resistance to change in the workforce (Goldstein, 2001).Change in the workforceThe way a business is done is determined by its workforce. And changing workforce changes the way of doing business or in other words, bringing a change in the way of doing business requires a change in the workforce. Companies are recruiting and hiring young employees due to their creative and dynamic personalities.They are able t o see things differently and want transition in things that are still being done in traditional way (Pihulyk , 2003). Their ideas and solutions are different from what their parents had to offer and thus, they want the traditional approaches and strategies to change in an organization.They show their dissatisfaction in different areas of the organization and want them to change for the good. They are practical in their approach in that they can see the organization strengths and weaknesses and are aware of the threats and opportunities in the organization external environment and thus, develop a desire to change accordingly.But there is also a darker side to this brighter situation and this darker side is due to the existing employees and workers of an organization. Organizations have usually experienced and committed workers who are working their since years and thus are quite adult. These employees work in their own traditional and routine way and do not want any change in their s tyle of working.When an organization feels a need to hire young employees, the adults feel a threat to their power, position and prestige since they are not capable enough to work like the young ones. They feel threatened by the young employees who have more creative and novel solutions to organizational problems and work for bringing about change. At this stage the adults offer resistance to the recruitment of young employees in the workforce because it will not only threaten their position but also bring about a change in their style of working (Hultman, 1998).Aged employees consider themselves experienced enough and are not ready to tolerate younger employees imposing themselves and their ideas for change. They want a stable work environment and get negative feelings if some one tries to challenge their style of working.This is mainly the most important reason why adults and aged people offer so much resistance to recruiting ever energetic and efficient young employees in the org anization’s workforce.It has been always said that new and young employees are important for the success of an organization because they are able to see things from a different perspective which requires change, innovation and creativity. They want the organization to become a learning organization progressing on the path of continuous improvement and innovative problem solving.An organization becomes successful by the way a business is done it which in turn is determined by the employees working there so for making an organization successful talented young employees should be hired and trained for working with the organization (Harvard Business School Press, 2005).Today, the business expectations are rising and customers are becoming ever-demanding. The competition is becoming fiercer with everyone striving to attain the competitive edge.The organization that develops a positive attitude towards welcoming change will be able to continuously improve itself at the times of pro blems and opportunities and thus, this requires the contribution of the talented young working people who have just graduated and are fresh with the knowledge of business management.They have a tendency to work in teams because they realize the fact that a team can accomplish more what individuals can achieve. On the other hand, the adults do not appreciate collective working and work individually instead. The young workers are more popularly known as Generation Y whereas the adults are being referred to as Generation X.It has been estimated that 70% of 21-year old Generation Y people are in the US workforce today which shows an increasing trend towards young employees (Jellison, 1993).Moreover, the new generation adapts to technology changes easily and want to work with new and modern procedures but the older generation sees technology with a negative eye and does not adapts to it readily. This is not to say that adults and aged people are unimportant in an organization, in fact th ey are the most important assets of an organization.These assets can not be replaced because their age has given them an experience to deal with problems which is hard to find. Young people find most creative and novel solution to a problem whereas the experienced employees find accurate solutions through their experience. This means that both generations should be made to work together if the organization wants to rise higher than any other organization in the industry or outside the industry.There is an increasing amount of Generational Conflict in the organizations and it is predicted that by 2010 it is going to increase considerably (Hultman, 1998). By Generational Conflict, we mean the conflict between two or more generations and here we are referring to the two generations of X and Y (Pihulyk , 2003).This is due to the age diversification in the workforce as young and talented employees are being increasingly hired by the businesses. The new generation will cause the erosion o f old work ethics and they will require a more flexible workplace.Moreover, women representation will increase hundred percent in the upcoming years. There exists a multi-generational and multi-cultural workforce and this will continue to grow in the future years. Since this is going to increase therefore, management must properly plan for accommodating this change in their business as the demographic change can have positive as well as negative implications.The policies and procedures must be adapted for accommodating this change so that there should be new values for the new generation (Rosenburg, 2005).